Skip to main content
← Back to map
⇄ Compare

Marapi

Complex volcano · Indonesia · 2885m

Marapi, seen here in front of above rice fields, is Sumatra's most active volcano. More than 50 small-to-moderate explosive eruptions have occurred since the end of the 18th century. Marapi, not to be confused with the more well-known Merapi volcano on Java, has multiple summit craters and reaches 2,000 m above the Padang Highlands in central Sumatra.
Marapi, seen here in front of above rice fields, is Sumatra's most active volcano. More than 50 small-to-moderate explosive eruptions have occurred since the end of the 18th century. Marapi, not to be confused with the more well-known Merapi volcano on Java, has multiple summit craters and reaches 2,000 m above the Padang Highlands in central Sumatra. · Photo: Photo by Amin, 2003 (Centre of Volcanology & Geological Hazard Mitigation, Volcanological Survey of Indonesia). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Complex volcano
Country
Indonesia
Region
Sunda & Banda / Sunda Volcanic Arc
Elevation
2885m
Coordinates
-0.380, 100.474
Last eruption
2026
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Geological summary

Gunung Marapi, not to be confused with the better-known Merapi volcano on Java, is Sumatra's most active volcano. This massive complex stratovolcano rises 2,000 m above the Bukittinggi Plain in the Padang Highlands. A broad summit contains multiple partially overlapping summit craters constructed within the small 1.4-km-wide Bancah caldera. The summit craters are located along an ENE-WSW line, with volcanism migrating to the west. More than 50 eruptions, typically consisting of small-to-moderate explosive activity, have been recorded since the end of the 18th century; no lava flows outside the summit craters have been reported in historical time.

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
1770~1795 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 21795~1821 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 21821~1846 · 3 eruptions · max VEI 21846~1871 · 6 eruptions · max VEI 21871~1897 · 9 eruptions · max VEI 21897~1922 · 13 eruptions · max VEI 21922~1947 · 6 eruptions · max VEI 21947~1972 · 10 eruptions · max VEI 21972~1998 · 8 eruptions · max VEI 21998~2023 · 13 eruptions · max VEI 217701821189719471998

Detailed timeline

  1. 2023VEI 1Observed
    2023-01-07 – 2023-03-17
  2. 2023VEI 2Observed
    2023-12-03 – 2026-03-24
  3. 2018VEI 2Observed
    2018-04-27 – 2018-05-02
    Verbeek Crater
  4. 2017VEI 1Observed
    2017-06-04 – 2017-06-04
    Verbeek Crater
  5. 2015VEI 1Observed
    2015-11-14 – 2015-11-14
    Verbeek Crater
  6. 2014VEI 1Observed
    2014-02-03 – 2014-02-26
    Verbeek Crater
  7. 2012VEI 1Observed
    2012-03-01 – 2012-05-18
    Verbeek Crater (?)
  8. 2012VEI 1Observed
    2012-09-26 – 2012-09-26
    Summit crater area
  9. 2011VEI 1Observed
    2011-08-03 – 2011-10-12
    Summit Crater
  10. 2004VEI 2Observed
    2004-08-05 – 2004-08-05
  11. 2001VEI 2Observed
    2001-04-13 – 2001-06-05
    Verbeek Crater
  12. 2000VEI 2Observed
    2000-03-11 – 2000-04-03
  13. 1999VEI 2Observed
    1999-04-16 – 1999-09-16
  14. 1987VEI 2Observed
    1987-01-15 – 1994-08-12
    Verbeek Crater
  15. 1984VEI 1Observed
    1984-11-15 – 1984-11-15
    Kepundan Tuo, Kepundan B
  16. 1983VEI 1Observed
    1983-07-02 – Ongoing
    Kepundan Tuo and Kepundan Verbeek
  17. 1982VEI 1Observed
    1982-03-10 – 1982-05-16
  18. 1982VEI 1Observed
    1982-12-16 – 1982-12-16
  19. 1980VEI 1Observed
    1980-03-29 – Ongoing
  20. 1975VEI 2Observed
    1975-01-16 – 1979-09-11
    Verbeek Crater, B and C Craters
  21. 1973VEI 2Observed
    1973-07-24 – 1973-07-24
    Verbeek Crater
  22. 1970VEI 2Observed
    1970-07-26 – 1971-08-20
    Bungo, Bongsu, Tuo, B and C Craters
  23. 1968VEI 1Geological estimate
    1968-12-16 – 1968-12-16
    Craters B and C
  24. 1967VEI 1Observed
    1967-04-16 – 1967-07-16
    Crater C, Bungsu Crater
  25. 1966VEI 1Observed
    1966-03-16 – 1966-06-16
    B and C Craters, Kebun Bungo
  26. 1958VEI 1Observed
    1958-06-23 – 1958-06-23
  27. 1958VEI 1Observed
    1958-10-17 – 1958-10-25
  28. 1954VEI 2Observed
    1954-08-16 – 1957-12-16
    Kepundan Bongsu, B and C Craters
  29. 1950VEI 2Observed
    1950-09-27 – 1952-06-14
    Kepundan Bongsu, Kuniang, Jinggo
  30. 1949VEI 2Observed
    1949-04-29 – 1949-04-30
    Kepundan Bongsu
  31. 1949VEI 2Observed
    1949-10-15 – 1949-10-22
  32. 1943 (±5 yrs)VEI ?Observed
    1943-07-02 – Ongoing
    Kepundan Kuniang, Kepundan Jinggo
  33. 1932VEI 2Observed
    1932-07-02 – Ongoing
  34. 1930VEI 2Observed
    1930-04-09 – 1930-12-07
  35. 1929VEI 2Observed
    1929-06-22 – 1929-06-22
    Kepundan Bongsu
  36. 1927VEI 2Observed
    1927-02-05 – 1927-08-03
    Kepundan Bongsu
  37. 1925VEI 0Observed
    1925-04-16 – Ongoing
  38. 1919VEI 2Observed
    1919-02-28 – 1919-03-01
  39. 1918VEI 2Observed
    1918-03-08 – 1918-03-10
  40. 1918VEI 2Observed
    1918-08-15 – 1918-08-15
  41. 1917VEI 2Observed
    1917-06-16 – 1917-09-16
  42. 1916VEI 1Observed
    1916-05-05 – 1916-07-07
  43. 1915VEI 2Observed
    1915-12-16 – Ongoing
  44. 1914VEI 2Observed
    1914-07-01 – Ongoing
  45. 1913VEI 2Observed
    1913-06-23 – 1913-07-31
  46. 1911VEI 2Observed
    1911-11-02 – Ongoing
  47. 1910VEI 2Observed
    1910-07-02 – Ongoing
  48. 1907VEI 2Observed
    1907-12-17 – 1908-09-16
  49. 1905VEI 2Observed
    1905-11-01 – Ongoing
  50. 1904VEI 1Observed
    1904-04-18 – 1904-04-18
  51. 1889VEI 2Observed
    1889-03-27 – 1889-04-17
  52. 1888VEI 2Observed
    1888-02-19 – 1888-03-19
  53. 1886VEI 2Observed
    1886-03-31 – 1886-05-03
  54. 1885VEI 2Observed
    1885-11-12 – Ongoing
  55. 1883VEI 1Observed
    1883-06-25 – 1883-08-27
  56. 1883VEI 1Observed
    1883-12-16 – 1883-12-16
  57. 1878VEI 2Geological estimate
    1878-12-16 – Ongoing
  58. 1876VEI 2Observed
    1876-04-04 – Ongoing
  59. 1876VEI 2Observed
    1876-08-16 – 1877-06-16
  60. 1871VEI 2Observed
    1871-04-24 – Ongoing
  61. 1871VEI 2Observed
    1871-09-24 – Ongoing
  62. 1863VEI 2Observed
    1863-05-23 – Ongoing
  63. 1861VEI 2Observed
    1861-04-16 – Ongoing
  64. 1855VEI 2Observed
    1855-10-02 – 1856-01-16
  65. 1854VEI 2Observed
    1854-08-29 – Ongoing
  66. 1845VEI 2Observed
    1845-11-16 – 1845-11-18
  67. 1833VEI 2Observed
    1833-07-02 – 1834-07-02
  68. 1822VEI 2Observed
    1822-07-23 – 1822-07-31
  69. 1807VEI 2Observed
    1807-07-02 – Ongoing
  70. 1770VEI 2Observed
    1770 – Ongoing

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.