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Krakatoa

Krakatau

Caldera · Indonesia · 285m

Krakatau volcano lies in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java. The historic eruption of 1883 destroyed much of Krakatau Island, forming a submarine caldera and producing detonations that were heard as far away as Australia, and numerous smaller eruptions have occurred since. Rakata Island in the background is the truncated rim of the 1883 caldera. Anak Krakatau in the foreground is a post-caldera cone that first breached the surface of the sea in 1928 and has been in frequent activity since then. The black lava flow at the right side of the photo was erupted in 1975.
Krakatau volcano lies in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java. The historic eruption of 1883 destroyed much of Krakatau Island, forming a submarine caldera and producing detonations that were heard as far away as Australia, and numerous smaller eruptions have occurred since. Rakata Island in the background is the truncated rim of the 1883 caldera. Anak Krakatau in the foreground is a post-caldera cone that first breached the surface of the sea in 1928 and has been in frequent activity since then. The black lava flow at the right side of the photo was erupted in 1975. · Photo: Photo courtesy Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, 1979. · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Caldera
Country
Indonesia
Region
Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions / Sunda Volcanic Arc
Elevation
285m
Coordinates
-6.101, 105.423
Last eruption
2024
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Caldera
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Geological summary

The renowned Krakatau (frequently misnamed as Krakatoa) volcano lies in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. Collapse of an older edifice, perhaps in 416 or 535 CE, formed a 7-km-wide caldera. Remnants of that volcano are preserved in Verlaten and Lang Islands; subsequently the Rakata, Danan, and Perbuwatan cones were formed, coalescing to create the pre-1883 Krakatau Island. Caldera collapse during the catastrophic 1883 eruption destroyed Danan and Perbuwatan, and left only a remnant of Rakata. This eruption caused more than 36,000 fatalities, most as a result of tsunamis that swept the adjacent coastlines of Sumatra and Java. Pyroclastic surges traveled 40 km across the Sunda Strait and reached the Sumatra coast. After a quiescence of less than a half century, the post-collapse cone of Anak Krakatau (Child of Krakatau) was constructed within the 1883 caldera at a point between the former Danan and Perbuwatan cones. Anak Krakatau has been the site of frequent eruptions since 1927.

From Wikipedia

Anak Krakatoa, or Anak Krakatau, is a volcanic island in Indonesia. On 29 December 1927, Anak Krakatoa first emerged from the caldera formed in 1883 by the explosive volcanic eruption that destroyed the island of Krakatoa. There has been sporadic eruptive activity at the site since the late 20th century, culminating in a large sector collapse of the volcano, which caused a deadly tsunami in December 2018. There has been subsequent activity since. Owing to its young age the island is one of several in the area that are of interest to, and the subject of extensive study by volcanologists.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Read full article →

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
250~427 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?427~604 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 4781~958 · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?958~1136 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1136~1313 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1313~1490 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1490~1667 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1667~1844 · 2 eruptions · max VEI 31844~2021 · 48 eruptions · max VEI 6250604113614901844

Detailed timeline

  1. 2021VEI 2Observed
    2021-05-25 – 2024-02-20
    Anak Krakatau
  2. 2018VEI 3Observed
    2018-06-18 – 2020-04-17
    Anak Krakatau
  3. 2017VEI 1Observed
    2017-02-17 – 2017-02-19
    Summit crater
  4. 2014VEI 1Observed
    2014-03-31 – 2014-03-31
    Anak Krakatau
  5. 2013VEI 1Observed
    2013-03-11 – 2013-03-29
    Anak Krakatau
  6. 2013VEI 1Observed
    2013-10-31 – 2013-10-31
    Anak Krakatau
  7. 2010VEI 2Observed
    2010-10-25 – 2012-09-09
    Anak Krakatau
  8. 2009VEI 2Observed
    2009-03-25 – 2009-09-16
    Anak Krakatau
  9. 2007VEI 2Observed
    2007-10-23 – 2008-08-30
    Anak Krakatau
  10. 2001VEI 1Observed
    2001-07-21 – 2001-09-17
    Anak Krakatau
  11. 2000VEI 1Observed
    2000-05-29 – 2000-10-30
    Anak Krakatau
  12. 1999VEI 2Observed
    1999-02-05 – 1999-08-16
    Anak Krakatau
  13. 1997VEI 2Observed
    1997-03-16 – 1997-05-16
    Anak Krakatau
  14. 1996VEI 2Observed
    1996-07-16 – 1996-10-16
    Anak Krakatau
  15. 1994VEI 2Observed
    1994-03-19 – 1995-06-16
    Anak Krakatau
  16. 1992VEI 1Observed
    1992-11-07 – 1993-10-16
    Anak Krakatau
  17. 1988VEI 2Observed
    1988-02-14 – 1988-04-16
    Anak Krakatau (S flank 1960-81 cone)
  18. 1981VEI 1Observed
    1981-04-24 – 1981-10-20
    Anak Krakatau
  19. 1980VEI 2Observed
    1980-03-15 – 1980-12-16
    Anak Krakatau
  20. 1979VEI 2Observed
    1979-07-15 – 1979-11-16
    Anak Krakatau
  21. 1978VEI 1Observed
    1978-07-10 – 1978-11-16
    Anak Krakatau
  22. 1975VEI 2Observed
    1975-03-27 – 1975-10-26
    Anak Krakatau
  23. 1972VEI 2Observed
    1972-06-10 – 1973-07-01
    Anak Krakatau
  24. 1969VEI 2Geological estimate
    1969-07-02 – Ongoing
    Anak Krakatau
  25. 1965VEI 1Observed
    1965-07-02 – Ongoing
    Anak Krakatau
  26. 1959VEI 2Observed
    1959-12-16 – 1963-07-02
    Anak Krakatau
  27. 1958VEI 2Observed
    1958-10-02 – 1959-06-25
    Anak Krakatau
  28. 1955VEI 2Observed
    1955-02-11 – Ongoing
    Anak Krakatau
  29. 1953VEI 2Observed
    1953-03-17 – 1953-05-01
    Anak Krakatau
  30. 1953VEI 2Observed
    1953-09-21 – 1953-11-25
    Anak Krakatau
  31. 1952VEI 2Observed
    1952-10-10 – 1952-10-11
    Anak Krakatau
  32. 1950VEI 2Observed
    1950-07-03 – 1950-07-07
    Anak Krakatau
  33. 1949VEI 2Observed
    1949-05-12 – Ongoing
    Anak Krakatau
  34. 1946VEI 2Observed
    1946-12-26 – 1947-08-07
    Anak Krakatau
  35. 1946VEI 1Observed
    1946-07-25 – 1946-07-25
    Anak Krakatau
  36. 1945VEI 2Observed
    1945 – Ongoing
    Anak Krakatau
  37. 1944VEI 2Observed
    1944 – Ongoing
    Anak Krakatau
  38. 1943VEI 2Observed
    1943 – Ongoing
    Anak Krakatau
  39. 1942VEI 2Observed
    1942-01-29 – 1942-01-30
    Anak Krakatau
  40. 1941VEI 2Observed
    1941-01-28 – 1941-02-12
    Anak Krakatau
  41. 1938VEI 3Observed
    1938-07-04 – 1940-07-02
    Anak Krakatau
  42. 1937VEI 2Observed
    1937-08-06 – 1937-11-23
    Anak Krakatau
  43. 1936VEI 1Observed
    1936-10-13 – 1936-11
    Anak Krakatau
  44. 1935VEI 2Observed
    1935-01-04 – 1935-07-12
    Anak Krakatau
  45. 1932VEI 3Observed
    1932-11-14 – 1934-06-09
    Anak Krakatau
  46. 1931VEI 2Observed
    1931-09-23 – 1932-02-17
    Anak Krakatau
  47. 1927VEI 2Observed
    1927-12-29 – 1930-08-15
    Anak Krakatau
  48. 1883VEI 6Observed
    1883-05-20 – 1883-10-21
    Krakatau Island (Perbuwatan, Danan)
  49. 1684VEI 3Observed
    1684-02-01 – Ongoing
  50. 1680VEI 3Observed
    1680-05 – 1681-11-19
    Perbuwatan
  51. 1530VEI ?Observed
    1530 – Ongoing
  52. 1320VEI ?Observed
    1320 – Ongoing
  53. 1150 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Observed
    1150 – Ongoing
  54. 1050 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Observed
    1050 – Ongoing
  55. 950 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Observed
    950 – Ongoing
  56. 850 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Observed
    850 – Ongoing
  57. 535VEI 4Observed
    535 – Ongoing
  58. 250 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Observed
    250 – Ongoing

External links

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