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Kelut

Kelud

Stratovolcano · Indonesia · 1730m

The broad, irregular summit of Kelud volcano contains several lava domes and a crater lake that has been the source of frequent violent and sometimes devastating eruptions. Construction of outlet tunnels following an eruption in 1919 that killed 5,110 people has reduced the number of fatalities from pyroclastic flows and lahars during subsequent eruptions.
The broad, irregular summit of Kelud volcano contains several lava domes and a crater lake that has been the source of frequent violent and sometimes devastating eruptions. Construction of outlet tunnels following an eruption in 1919 that killed 5,110 people has reduced the number of fatalities from pyroclastic flows and lahars during subsequent eruptions. · Photo: Photo by Dan Dzurisin, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Indonesia
Region
Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions / Sunda Volcanic Arc
Elevation
1730m
Coordinates
-7.935, 112.314
Last eruption
2014
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Geological summary

The relatively inconspicuous Kelud stratovolcano contains a summit crater lake that has been the source of some of Indonesia's most deadly eruptions. A cluster of summit lava domes cut by numerous craters has given the summit a very irregular profile. Satellitic cones and lava domes are also located low on the E, W, and SSW flanks. Eruptive activity has in general migrated in a clockwise direction around the summit vent complex. More than 30 eruptions have been recorded since 1000 CE. The ejection of water from the crater lake during the typically short but violent eruptions has created pyroclastic flows and lahars that have caused widespread fatalities and destruction. After more than 5,000 people were killed during an eruption in 1919, an engineering project to drain the crater lake lowered the surface by more than 50 m. The 1951 eruption deepened the crater by 70 m, leaving 50 million cubic meters of water after the damaged drainage tunnels were repaired. Following more than 200 deaths in the 1966 eruption, a new deeper tunnel was constructed, and the lake's volume before the 1990 eruption was only about 1 million cubic meters.

From Wikipedia

The Kelud is a mountain stratovolcano located in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Like many Indonesian volcanoes and others on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Kelud is known for large explosive eruptions throughout its history. More than 30 eruptions have occurred since 1000 AD. In 2007, an effusive explosion filled the crater with a lava dome. It last erupted on 13 February 2014, destroying the lava dome and ejecting boulders, stones and ashes up to West Java about 500 kilometres (310 mi) from Mount Kelud. The crater filled with water during the rainy season.

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Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
230 BCE~43 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?892~1079 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 31266~1453 · 8 eruptions · max VEI 31453~1640 · 5 eruptions · max VEI 51640~1827 · 10 eruptions · max VEI 41827~2014 · 15 eruptions · max VEI 4230 BCE33189212661827

Detailed timeline

  1. 2014VEI 4Observed
    2014-02-13 – 2014-02-15
    Summit crater lake
  2. 2007VEI 2Observed
    2007-10-16 – 2008-04-16
  3. 1990VEI 4Observed
    1990-02-10 – 1990-03-13
  4. 1967VEI 1Observed
    1967-02-18 – 1967-02-18
  5. 1967VEI 1Observed
    1967-12-11 – 1967-12-11
    Crater floor at foot of Kelut Peak
  6. 1966VEI 4Observed
    1966-04-26 – 1966-04-27
  7. 1951VEI 4Observed
    1951-08-31 – 1951-08-31
  8. 1920VEI 2Observed
    1920-12-06 – 1920-12-12
  9. 1919VEI 4Observed
    1919-05-19 – 1919-05-20
  10. 1901VEI 3Observed
    1901-05-22 – 1901-05-23
  11. 1864VEI 2Observed
    1864-01-04 – 1864-01-04
  12. 1851VEI 2Observed
    1851-01-24 – Ongoing
  13. 1849VEI ?Geological estimate
    1849 – Ongoing
  14. 1848VEI 3Observed
    1848-05-16 – 1848-05-17
  15. 1835VEI 2Observed
    1835 – Ongoing
  16. 1826VEI 4Observed
    1826-10-11 – 1826-10-25
  17. 1825VEI 2Observed
    1825 – Ongoing
  18. 1811VEI 2Observed
    1811-06-05 – Ongoing
  19. 1785VEI 2Observed
    1785 – Ongoing
  20. 1776VEI 2Observed
    1776 – Ongoing
  21. 1771VEI 2Observed
    1771-01-10 – Ongoing
  22. 1756VEI ?Geological estimate
    1756 – Ongoing
  23. 1752VEI 2Observed
    1752-05-01 – Ongoing
  24. 1716VEI 2Observed
    1716-07-20 – Ongoing
  25. 1641VEI 4Observed
    1641 – Ongoing
  26. 1586VEI 5Observed
    1586 – Ongoing
  27. 1548VEI 3Observed
    1548 – Ongoing
  28. 1500VEI ?Geological estimate
    1500 – Ongoing
  29. 1481VEI 3Observed
    1481 – Ongoing
  30. 1462VEI 3Observed
    1462 – Ongoing
  31. 1451VEI 3Observed
    1451 – Ongoing
  32. 1450VEI 3Observed
    1450 – Ongoing
  33. 1411VEI 3Observed
    1411 – Ongoing
  34. 1395VEI 3Observed
    1395 – Ongoing
  35. 1385VEI 3Observed
    1385 – Ongoing
  36. 1376VEI 3Observed
    1376 – Ongoing
  37. 1334VEI 3Observed
    1334 – Ongoing
  38. 1311VEI 3Observed
    1311 – Ongoing
  39. 1000VEI 3Observed
    1000 – Ongoing
  40. 230 BCE (±300 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 230 – Ongoing

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.