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Tompaluan

Lokon-Empung

Stratovolcano · Indonesia · 1580m

The twin volcanoes Lokon and Empung rise above the towns of Kakaskasen and Kinilow as viewed from the flanks of Mahawu volcano. The more prominent Lokon volcano (left), is higher than Empung volcano (right) and lacks a summit crater. Most historical eruptions from Lokon-Empung, one of the most active volcanoes on Sulawesi Island, have originated from Tompaluan crater, which can be seen surrounded by fresh ash deposits in the saddle between the two peaks. Gunung Tetawiran rises beyond the saddle.
The twin volcanoes Lokon and Empung rise above the towns of Kakaskasen and Kinilow as viewed from the flanks of Mahawu volcano. The more prominent Lokon volcano (left), is higher than Empung volcano (right) and lacks a summit crater. Most historical eruptions from Lokon-Empung, one of the most active volcanoes on Sulawesi Island, have originated from Tompaluan crater, which can be seen surrounded by fresh ash deposits in the saddle between the two peaks. Gunung Tetawiran rises beyond the saddle. · Photo: Photo by Agus Solihin, 1998 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Indonesia
Region
Western Pacific Volcanic Regions / Sangihe Volcanic Arc
Elevation
1580m
Coordinates
1.364, 124.799
Last eruption
2015
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Geological summary

The Lokong-Empung volcanic complex, rising above the plain of Tondano in North Sulawesi, includes four peaks and an active crater. Lokon, the highest peak, has a flat craterless top. The morphologically younger Empung cone 2 km NE has a 400-m-wide, 150-m-deep crater that erupted last in the 18th century. A ridge extending 3 km WNW from Lokon includes the Tatawiran and Tetempangan peaks. All eruptions since 1829 have originated from Tompaluan, a 150 x 250 m crater in the saddle between Lokon and Empung. These eruptions have primarily produced small-to-moderate ash plumes that sometimes damaged croplands and houses, but lava-dome growth and pyroclastic flows have also occurred.

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
1375~1439 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 31759~1823 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 31823~1887 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 21887~1951 · 4 eruptions · max VEI 21951~2015 · 24 eruptions · max VEI 313751503169518231951

Detailed timeline

  1. 2015VEI 1Observed
    2015-05-20 – 2015-05-27
    Tompaluan
  2. 2015VEI 2Observed
    2015-08-30 – 2015-09-28
    Tompaluan
  3. 2012VEI 2Observed
    2012-09-15 – 2013-09-10
    Tompaluan
  4. 2011VEI 1Observed
    2011-02-22 – 2011-02-22
    Tompaluan
  5. 2011VEI 2Observed
    2011-06-26 – 2012-05-02
    Tompaluan
  6. 2003VEI 3Observed
    2003-09-12 – 2003-09-12
    Tompaluan
  7. 2002VEI 2Observed
    2002-02-09 – 2002-05-16
    Tompaluan
  8. 2002VEI 2Observed
    2002-12-23 – 2003-04-01
    Tompaluan
  9. 2000VEI 2Observed
    2000-05-10 – 2001-08-18
    Tompaluan
  10. 1991VEI 3Observed
    1991-05-17 – 1992-01-16
    Tompaluan
  11. 1988VEI 1Observed
    1988-04-21 – 1988-05-01
    Tompaluan
  12. 1986VEI 2Observed
    1986-03-22 – 1987-05-13
    Tompaluan
  13. 1984VEI 1Geological estimate
    1984-06-05 – 1984-11-16
    Tompaluan
  14. 1975VEI 2Observed
    1975-11-16 – 1980-07-02
    Tompaluan
  15. 1973VEI 1Observed
    1973-09-15 – 1974-12-16
    Tompaluan
  16. 1971VEI 2Observed
    1971-05-11 – 1971-10-26
    Tompaluan
  17. 1969VEI 2Observed
    1969-11-27 – 1970-12-26
    Tompaluan
  18. 1966VEI 2Observed
    1966-09-24 – 1966-09-30
    Tompaluan
  19. 1965VEI 1Observed
    1965-07-10 – 1965-07-10
    Tompaluan
  20. 1963VEI 2Observed
    1963-12-17 – 1964-04-16
    Tompaluan
  21. 1962VEI 1Observed
    1962-04-16 – 1962-11-16
    Tompaluan
  22. 1961VEI 2Observed
    1961-05-19 – 1961-12-16
    Tompaluan
  23. 1958VEI 2Observed
    1958-02-19 – 1959-12-23
    Tompaluan
  24. 1951VEI 3Observed
    1951-07-02 – 1953-03-16
    Tompaluan
  25. 1949VEI 1Observed
    1949-09-14 – Ongoing
    Tompaluan
  26. 1942VEI 2Observed
    1942-09-03 – Ongoing
    Tompaluan
  27. 1930VEI 2Observed
    1930-08 – Ongoing
    Tompaluan
  28. 1893VEI 2Observed
    1893-03-29 – 1894-08-14
    Tompaluan
  29. 1829VEI 2Observed
    1829-03 – Ongoing
    Tompaluan
  30. 1775 (±25 yrs)VEI 3Observed
    1775 – Ongoing
    Empung
  31. 1375 (±25 yrs)VEI 3Observed
    1375 – Ongoing
    Empung

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.