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Mount Tongkoko

Tangkoko-Duasudara

Stratovolcano · Indonesia · 1334m

The 1149-m-high elongated Tongkoko volcano, seen in this composite photo from the south, rises above Bitung city and is the NE-most volcano on the island of Sulawesi. The summit of the volcano, which is elongated in a NW-SE direction, contains a large crater with a central cone. Historical eruptions have occurred since 1680 from both the summit and an east flank vent, Batu Angus. Tongkoko volcano and its neighbor Dua Saudara are the most prominent features of Gunung Dua Saudara National Park, a noted wildlife preserve.
The 1149-m-high elongated Tongkoko volcano, seen in this composite photo from the south, rises above Bitung city and is the NE-most volcano on the island of Sulawesi. The summit of the volcano, which is elongated in a NW-SE direction, contains a large crater with a central cone. Historical eruptions have occurred since 1680 from both the summit and an east flank vent, Batu Angus. Tongkoko volcano and its neighbor Dua Saudara are the most prominent features of Gunung Dua Saudara National Park, a noted wildlife preserve. · Photo: Photo by A.R. Sumailani, 1973 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Indonesia
Region
Western Pacific Volcanic Regions / Sangihe Volcanic Arc
Elevation
1334m
Coordinates
1.518, 125.185
Last eruption
1880
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Geological summary

The eastern peninsula at the far NE end of Sulawesi near the city of Bitung is occupied by a volcanic complex consisting of two major edifices within a nature reserve. To the north is Tangkoko (also known as Tongkoko), with a large caldera (~3 x 1.5 km) elongated towards the SE from the highest rim point; the rim at the opposite end is more than 400 m lower. Eruptions occurred from the summit crater in the 17th century and in 1801, when the caldera also reportedly contained a cone surrounded by a lake. About 1.5 km down the outer E flank is the Batuangus (or Batu Angus) lava dome, formed in 1801, along with an adjacent vent (Baru Batuangus) that has been the source of all subsequent eruptions. The higher Duasudara (also Dua Suadara) edifice is ~4.5 km SW of the Tangkoko summit. A NE-facing scarp appears to have a hummocky debris flow that reaches the base of Tangkoko.

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
1680~1700 · 3 eruptions · max VEI 51800~1820 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 21820~1840 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 01840~1860 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 21860~1880 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 116801720178018201860

Detailed timeline

  1. 1880VEI 1Observed
    1880 – Ongoing
    Batu Angus
  2. 1843VEI 2Observed
    1843 – 1846
    Batu Angus
  3. 1821VEI 0Observed
    1821 – Ongoing
    Batu Angus Baru
  4. 1801VEI 2Observed
    1801 – Ongoing
    Summit and east flank (Batu Angus)
  5. 1694VEI 3Observed
    1694 – Ongoing
  6. 1683VEI 3Observed
    1683 – Ongoing
  7. 1680VEI 5Observed
    1680 – Ongoing

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.