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Karangetang

Stratovolcano · Indonesia · 1797m

Karangetang (Api Siau) is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. Twentieth-century eruptions have included frequent explosive activity that is sometimes accompanied by pyroclastic flows and lahars. Lava dome growth has occurred in the summit craters; collapse of lava flow fronts has also produced pyroclastic flows.
Karangetang (Api Siau) is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. Twentieth-century eruptions have included frequent explosive activity that is sometimes accompanied by pyroclastic flows and lahars. Lava dome growth has occurred in the summit craters; collapse of lava flow fronts has also produced pyroclastic flows. · Photo: Photo by Volcanological Survey of Indonesia. · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Indonesia
Region
Western Pacific Volcanic Regions / Sangihe Volcanic Arc
Elevation
1797m
Coordinates
2.781, 125.407
Last eruption
2023
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Geological summary

Karangetang (Api Siau) volcano lies at the northern end of the island of Siau, about 125 km NNE of the NE-most point of Sulawesi. The stratovolcano contains five summit craters along a N-S line. It is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, with more than 40 eruptions recorded since 1675 and many additional small eruptions that were not documented (Neumann van Padang, 1951). Twentieth-century eruptions have included frequent explosive activity sometimes accompanied by pyroclastic flows and lahars. Lava dome growth has occurred in the summit craters; collapse of lava flow fronts have produced pyroclastic flows.

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
1675~1710 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 31710~1745 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 21814~1849 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 21849~1884 · 2 eruptions · max VEI 21884~1919 · 6 eruptions · max VEI 21919~1953 · 16 eruptions · max VEI 21953~1988 · 13 eruptions · max VEI 31988~2023 · 22 eruptions · max VEI 316751745184919191988

Detailed timeline

  1. 2023VEI 0Observed
    2023-02-08 – 2023-09-05
    Kawah Utama, Main Crater, South Crater
  2. 2022VEI ?Observed
    2022-09-01 – 2022-10-15
    Kawah Dua (North Crater, Second Crater)
  3. 2021VEI 2Observed
    2021-10-25 – 2022-01-10
    Uncertain which summit crater
  4. 2018VEI 2Observed
    2018-11-25 – 2021-01-30
    Kawah Dua (North Crater, Second Crater)
  5. 2018VEI 1Observed
    2018-02-02 – 2018-02-02
    ?North Summit Crater
  6. 2018VEI 1Observed
    2018-07-04 – 2018-07-04
    ?Southern Crater
  7. 2017VEI ?Observed
    2017-05-10 – 2017-05-10
  8. 2014VEI 2Observed
    2014-02-09 – 2014-02-09
  9. 2014VEI 2Observed
    2014-06-08 – 2016-03-15
    Main and second craters
  10. 2012VEI 2Observed
    2012-05-14 – 2013-09-05
    Crater II
  11. 2011VEI 2Observed
    2011-03-11 – 2011-08-13
    Crater I (S crater)
  12. 2010VEI 3Observed
    2010-08-06 – 2010-12-16
    Crater I (S crater)
  13. 2008VEI 1Observed
    2008-03-12 – 2008-03-12
  14. 2008VEI 2Observed
    2008-11-29 – 2010-03-24
  15. 2006VEI 1Observed
    2006-07-03 – 2007-10-16
  16. 2004VEI 2Observed
    2004-04-02 – 2005-08-05
  17. 1999VEI 3Observed
    1999-03-16 – 2003-10-28
  18. 1998VEI 1Observed
    1998-07-05 – Ongoing
  19. 1996VEI 1Observed
    1996-10-01 – 1997-06-16
  20. 1995VEI 1Observed
    1995-11-09 – 1995-12-17
  21. 1991VEI 2Observed
    1991-07-02 – 1993-12-31
  22. 1989VEI 1Observed
    1989-07-16 – 1989-07-16
  23. 1983VEI 3Observed
    1983-05-16 – 1988-12-31
    Summit and SW flank (1443 m)
  24. 1982VEI 1Observed
    1982-07-02 – Ongoing
  25. 1980VEI 1Observed
    1980-03-24 – 1980-09-13
  26. 1979VEI 1Observed
    1979-05-31 – 1979-05-31
    NNW flank, 1300 m (Kawah Maralebule)
  27. 1978VEI 1Observed
    1978-02-22 – 1978-12-18
  28. 1976VEI 2Observed
    1976-09-15 – 1977-09-16
    South flank (1100 m) and summit
  29. 1972VEI 3Observed
    1972-01-16 – 1976-04-05
  30. 1970VEI 2Observed
    1970-11-27 – 1971-03-16
  31. 1967VEI 2Observed
    1967-11-29 – 1967-12-02
  32. 1965VEI 2Observed
    1965-04-05 – 1967-06-16
  33. 1962VEI 2Observed
    1962-01-29 – 1963-12-16
  34. 1961VEI 2Observed
    1961-02-28 – 1961-04-16
  35. 1961VEI 2Observed
    1961-10-09 – 1961-10-19
  36. 1953VEI 2Observed
    1953-07-02 – Ongoing
  37. 1952VEI 2Observed
    1952-02-16 – 1952-06-30
    Craters I, II and III
  38. 1949VEI 2Observed
    1949-09-14 – Ongoing
  39. 1948VEI 2Observed
    1948-12 – Ongoing
  40. 1947VEI 2Observed
    1947-02-09 – 1947-02-09
  41. 1947VEI 2Observed
    1947-12-01 – 1947-12-21
  42. 1941VEI 2Observed
    1941-10-30 – 1941-10-30
  43. 1940VEI 2Observed
    1940-03-01 – 1940-03-09
  44. 1940VEI 2Observed
    1940-06-20 – 1940-08-23
  45. 1935VEI 2Observed
    1935-08-31 – Ongoing
  46. 1930VEI 2Observed
    1930-02-04 – 1930-02-06
    Crater IV
  47. 1930VEI 2Observed
    1930-11 – Ongoing
  48. 1926VEI 2Observed
    1926-10 – Ongoing
  49. 1924VEI 2Observed
    1924-05 – Ongoing
  50. 1922VEI 2Observed
    1922-05-04 – 1922-12-13
    Crater IV
  51. 1921VEI 2Observed
    1921-03 – 1921-06
    Crater V
  52. 1905VEI 2Observed
    1905-05-21 – 1905-05-22
  53. 1900VEI 2Observed
    1900 – Ongoing
  54. 1899VEI 2Observed
    1899 – Ongoing
  55. 1892VEI 2Observed
    1892-06-14 – Ongoing
  56. 1887VEI 2Observed
    1887-05-27 – 1887-05-27
  57. 1886VEI 2Observed
    1886-04-25 – 1886-06-19
    Crater III
  58. 1883VEI 2Observed
    1883-08-25 – 1883-08-26
    Crater II?
  59. 1864VEI 2Observed
    1864-06-06 – Ongoing
  60. 1825VEI 2Observed
    1825 – Ongoing
  61. 1712VEI 2Observed
    1712-01-16 – Ongoing
  62. 1675VEI 3Observed
    1675 – Ongoing

External links

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