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Volcano Island

Taal

Caldera · Philippines · 311m

Taal caldera, seen here from its NW rim, is a 15 x 20 km caldera of Pleistocene and Holocene age. Volcano Island, in the north-central part of Lake Taal, is constructed of coalescing small tuff and scoria cones. Powerful phreatomagmatic explosive eruptions from several locations on the 5-km-wide island have produced deadly pyroclastic surges.
Taal caldera, seen here from its NW rim, is a 15 x 20 km caldera of Pleistocene and Holocene age. Volcano Island, in the north-central part of Lake Taal, is constructed of coalescing small tuff and scoria cones. Powerful phreatomagmatic explosive eruptions from several locations on the 5-km-wide island have produced deadly pyroclastic surges. · Photo: Photo by Chris Newhall, 1978 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Caldera
Country
Philippines
Region
Western Pacific Volcanic Regions / Luzon Volcanic Arc
Elevation
311m
Coordinates
14.011, 120.998
Last eruption
2026
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Caldera
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Geological summary

Taal is one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines and has produced some powerful eruptions. The 15 x 20 km Talisay (Taal) caldera is largely filled by Lake Taal, whose 267 km2 surface lies only 3 m above sea level. The maximum depth of the lake is 160 m, with several submerged eruptive centers. The 5-km-wide Volcano Island in north-central Lake Taal is the location of all observed eruptions. The island is composed of coalescing small stratovolcanoes, tuff rings, and scoria cones. Powerful pyroclastic flows and surges have caused many fatalities.

From Wikipedia

Taal Lake is a freshwater caldera lake in the province of Batangas, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The lake fills Taal Volcano, a large volcanic caldera formed by very large eruptions between 670 and 6 thousand years ago.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Read full article →

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
3580 BCE~3387 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 61444~1638 · 5 eruptions · max VEI 31638~1831 · 13 eruptions · max VEI 41831~2024 · 21 eruptions · max VEI 43580 BCE2227 BCE875 BCE4781831

Detailed timeline

  1. 2024VEI 2Observed
    2024-04-12 – 2026-03-16
  2. 2022VEI 1Observed
    2022-10-05 – 2022-10-29
  3. 2021VEI 2Observed
    2021-11-15 – 2022-04-01
    Main Crater
  4. 2021VEI 1Observed
    2021-07-01 – 2021-07-09
  5. 2020VEI 4Observed
    2020-01-12 – 2020-01-22
  6. 1977VEI 2Observed
    1977-10-03 – 1977-11-12
    SW flank (near Mt. Tabaro)
  7. 1976VEI 2Observed
    1976-09-03 – 1976-10-17
    SW flank (near Mt. Tabaro)
  8. 1970VEI 1Observed
    1970-11-09 – 1970-11-13
    SW flank (near Mt. Tabaro)
  9. 1969VEI 2Observed
    1969-10-29 – 1969-12-10
    SW flank (near Mt. Tabaro)
  10. 1968VEI 2Observed
    1968-01-31 – 1968-04-02
    SW flank (near Mt. Tabaro)
  11. 1967VEI 1Observed
    1967-08-16 – 1967-08-19
    SW flank (near Mt. Tabaro)
  12. 1966VEI 3Observed
    1966-07-05 – 1966-08-04
    SW flank (near Mt. Tabaro)
  13. 1965VEI 4Observed
    1965-09-28 – 1965-09-30
    SW flank (near Mt. Tabaro)
  14. 1911VEI 3Observed
    1911-01-27 – 1911-02-08
  15. 1904VEI 1Observed
    1904-04 – 1904-07-15
    Base of south wall of main crater
  16. 1903VEI 2Observed
    1903-04 – Ongoing
  17. 1885VEI ?Geological estimate
    1885 – Ongoing
  18. 1878VEI 2Observed
    1878-11-12 – 1878-11-15
  19. 1874VEI 2Observed
    1874-07-19 – Ongoing
  20. 1873VEI 2Observed
    1873 – Ongoing
  21. 1842VEI 2Observed
    1842 – Ongoing
  22. 1825VEI 2Observed
    1825 – Ongoing
  23. 1808VEI 2Observed
    1808-02 – 1808-04
  24. 1790VEI 2Observed
    1790 – Ongoing
  25. 1754VEI 4Observed
    1754-05-15 – 1754-12-04
    Summit crater and SE flank
  26. 1749VEI 4Observed
    1749-08-11 – 1749-09
  27. 1731VEI 2Observed
    1731 – Ongoing
    Pira-piraso (NE flank)
  28. 1729VEI 2Observed
    1729 – Ongoing
    Binintiang Munti
  29. 1716VEI 4Observed
    1716-09-24 – 1716-09-27
    Calauit (sublacustral SE flank)
  30. 1715VEI 2Observed
    1715 – Ongoing
    Binintiang Malaki
  31. 1709VEI 2Observed
    1709 – Ongoing
    Binintiang Munti
  32. 1707VEI 2Observed
    1707 – Ongoing
    Binintiang Malaki
  33. 1645VEI 3Observed
    1645 – Ongoing
  34. 1641VEI 3Observed
    1641 – Ongoing
  35. 1635VEI 3Observed
    1635 – Ongoing
  36. 1634VEI 3Observed
    1634 – Ongoing
  37. 1608 (±3 yrs)VEI 2Observed
    1608 – Ongoing
  38. 1591VEI 3Observed
    1591 – Ongoing
  39. 1572VEI 3Observed
    1572 – Ongoing
  40. 3580 BCE (±200 yrs)VEI 6Geological estimate
    BCE 3580 – Ongoing

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.