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Ksudach

Stratovolcano · Russia · 1007m

Ksudach, the large volcano seen here from the SW, contains five calderas with the northern of two caldera lakes (center) forming an embayment in Shtyubel' Crater. Situated within the youngest caldera, Ksudach V, Shtyubel’ has been active since about 1,600 years ago and an eruption in 1907 was one of Kamchatka's largest in historical time.
Ksudach, the large volcano seen here from the SW, contains five calderas with the northern of two caldera lakes (center) forming an embayment in Shtyubel' Crater. Situated within the youngest caldera, Ksudach V, Shtyubel’ has been active since about 1,600 years ago and an eruption in 1907 was one of Kamchatka's largest in historical time. · Photo: Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Russia
Region
Northwestern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Kuril Volcanic Arc
Elevation
1007m
Coordinates
51.804, 157.529
Last eruption
1907
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Caldera
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Geological summary

Ksudach is unique among Kamchatka volcanoes in its morphology and geologic history. It is a large, low-angle stratovolcano, constructed of alternating basaltic-andesitic lavas and dacitic pyroclastics, and is truncated by an intricate complex of five calderas. An array of post-caldera structures is truncated by later calderas, the last three of which formed during the Holocene, about 7,900 and 5,000 BCE and about 240 CE. The latter eruption was the second largest in Kamchatka during the Holocene, and produced about 20 km3 of rhyodacitic airfall tephra and 3-4 km3 of pyroclastic flows. The eastern part of the caldera complex contains two lakes, the northern of which forms an embayment in Shtyubel' (Stubel) Crater, a low-angle cone that began forming about 1,600 years ago in the youngest caldera. The only historical eruption, in 1907, originated from Shtyubel'.

From Wikipedia

Ksudach is a stratovolcano in southern Kamchatka, Russia. The last eruption of Ksudach was in March 1907, on or around 28 March, which was one of the largest ever recorded in Kamchatka with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 5. The summit area comprises overlapping calderas. Two lakes, Bolshoe and Kraternoe, are located within calderas at the summit of Ksudach. These lakes, along with hot springs and the surrounding wilderness, make the Ksudach Volcano region a popular trekking destination. In the event of renewed volcanic activity, its remote location minimizes its potential hazard to humans.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Read full article →

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
7900 BCE~7573 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 55612 BCE~5285 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?5285 BCE~4958 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 54958 BCE~4631 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI 54631 BCE~4304 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 34304 BCE~3977 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 33323 BCE~2996 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 4381 BCE~54 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 354 BCE~272 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 6272~599 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 2599~926 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?926~1253 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 41580~1907 · 2 eruptions · max VEI 57900 BCE5612 BCE2996 BCE708 BCE1580

Detailed timeline

  1. 1907VEI 5Observed
    1907-03-28 – Ongoing
    Stubel
  2. 1750VEI 4Geological estimate
    1750 – Ongoing
    Stubel
  3. 1000 (±50 yrs)VEI 4Geological estimate
    1000 – Ongoing
    Stubel
  4. 700VEI ?Geological estimate
    700 – Ongoing
  5. 350VEI 2Geological estimate
    350 – Ongoing
    Stubel
  6. 240 (±100 yrs)VEI 6Geological estimate
    240 – Ongoing
    Ksudach V caldera
  7. 200 BCEVEI 3Geological estimate
    BCE 200 – Ongoing
  8. 3000 BCEVEI 4Geological estimate
    BCE 3000 – Ongoing
  9. 4100 BCEVEI 3Geological estimate
    BCE 4100 – Ongoing
  10. 4550 BCEVEI 3Geological estimate
    BCE 4550 – Ongoing
  11. 4750 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 4750 – Ongoing
    SW part of caldera IV (Paryashchiy Utes)
  12. 4900 BCEVEI 5Geological estimate
    BCE 4900 – Ongoing
    Ksudach IV caldera
  13. 5200 BCEVEI 5Geological estimate
    BCE 5200 – Ongoing
    Ksudach IV caldera
  14. 5600 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 5600 – Ongoing
  15. 7900 BCEVEI 5Geological estimate
    BCE 7900 – Ongoing
    Ksudach III caldera

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.