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Tolbachik

Shield volcano · Russia · 3611m

Tolbachik is composed of two main edifices. The flat-topped Plosky Tolbachik (right) is located east of the older and higher Ostry Tolbachik cone (left). Lengthy rift zones extending NE and S of Plosky Tolbachik have erupted voluminous lava flows through the Holocene. The 1975-76 eruption from the summit and S-flank fissures was one of the largest historical basaltic eruption in Kamchatka.
Tolbachik is composed of two main edifices. The flat-topped Plosky Tolbachik (right) is located east of the older and higher Ostry Tolbachik cone (left). Lengthy rift zones extending NE and S of Plosky Tolbachik have erupted voluminous lava flows through the Holocene. The 1975-76 eruption from the summit and S-flank fissures was one of the largest historical basaltic eruption in Kamchatka. · Photo: Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Shield volcano
Country
Russia
Region
Northwestern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc
Elevation
3611m
Coordinates
55.832, 160.326
Last eruption
2013
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Shield
Major rock type
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Geological summary

The massive Tolbachik volcano is located at the southern end of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The massif is composed of two overlapping, but morphologically distinct, volcanoes. The flat-topped Plosky Tolbachik shield volcano with its nested Holocene calderas up to 3 km in diameter is located east of the older and higher sharp-topped Ostry Tolbachik stratovolcano. The summit caldera at Plosky Tolbachik was formed in association with major lava effusion about 6,500 years ago and simultaneously with a major southward-directed sector collapse of Ostry Tolbachik. Long rift zones extending NE and SSW of the volcano have erupted voluminous basaltic lava flows during the Holocene, with activity during the past two thousand years being confined to the narrow axial zone of the rifts. The 1975-76 eruption originating from the SSW-flank fissure system and the summit was the largest historical basaltic eruption in Kamchatka.

From Wikipedia

Tolbachik is a volcanic complex on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia. It consists of two volcanoes, Plosky (flat) Tolbachik and Ostry (sharp) Tolbachik, which as the names suggest are respectively a flat-topped shield volcano and a peaked stratovolcano. As Ostry is the mountain's highest point, the entire mountain is often referred to as "Ostry Tolbachik", not to be confused with Ostry, a separate volcano to the north also on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Read full article →

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
7600 BCE~7280 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?6318 BCE~5998 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?5678 BCE~5357 BCE · 3 eruptions · max VEI ?4716 BCE~4396 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?2153 BCE~1833 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 31833 BCE~1512 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI 3872 BCE~551 BCE · 3 eruptions · max VEI ?231 BCE~90 · 3 eruptions · max VEI 490~410 · 4 eruptions · max VEI 4410~730 · 2 eruptions · max VEI 3730~1051 · 4 eruptions · max VEI 41371~1692 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 21692~2012 · 34 eruptions · max VEI 47600 BCE5357 BCE2794 BCE551 BCE1692

Detailed timeline

  1. 2012VEI 3Observed
    2012-11-27 – 2013-09-05
    Tolbachinsky Dol
  2. 1975VEI 4Observed
    1975-06-28 – 1976-12-10
    South flank (18 & 28 km from summit)
  3. 1973VEI 1Geological estimate
    1973-10-16 – 1974-12-16
  4. 1970VEI 1Observed
    1970-01-16 – 1970-04-16
  5. 1970VEI 2Observed
    1970-09-16 – 1970-12-01
  6. 1968VEI 1Observed
    1968-07-02 – 1969-07-02
  7. 1967VEI 2Observed
    1967-03-16 – 1967-05-16
  8. 1967VEI 2Observed
    1967-10-16 – 1967-11-16
  9. 1966VEI 2Observed
    1966-04-15 – Ongoing
  10. 1965VEI 1Observed
    1965-07-02 – Ongoing
  11. 1964VEI 2Observed
    1964-03-16 – 1964-04-24
  12. 1962VEI 1Observed
    1962-08-16 – 1963-07-02
  13. 1961VEI 2Observed
    1961-03-24 – 1962-02-16
  14. 1959VEI 2Observed
    1959-07-02 – 1960-07-02
  15. 1958VEI 2Observed
    1958-07-13 – Ongoing
  16. 1956VEI 2Observed
    1956-09-28 – 1957-11-28
  17. 1955VEI 2Observed
    1955-01-07 – 1955-02-09
  18. 1955VEI 2Observed
    1955-10-06 – 1955-12-08
  19. 1954VEI 2Observed
    1954-02-21 – 1954-06-13
  20. 1947VEI 2Observed
    1947-01 – Ongoing
  21. 1940VEI 2Observed
    1940-02 – 1940-04
  22. 1940VEI 3Observed
    1940-11 – 1941-07-15
    Summit, SW flank (1950 m)
  23. 1939VEI 2Observed
    1939-09-25 – 1939-09-27
  24. 1936VEI 2Observed
    1936-08-13 – 1937-03-02
  25. 1931VEI 2Observed
    1931-03-04 – 1932
  26. 1904VEI 2Observed
    1904 – Ongoing
  27. 1793VEI 2Observed
    1793 – Ongoing
  28. 1790VEI 2Observed
    1790 – Ongoing
  29. 1789VEI 2Observed
    1789 – Ongoing
  30. 1788VEI 2Observed
    1788 – Ongoing
  31. 1769VEI 2Observed
    1769-02-15 – 1769-10-15
  32. 1740VEI 2Observed
    1740-12 – Ongoing
  33. 1739VEI 2Observed
    1739-02-01 – Ongoing
  34. 1699 (±1 yrs)VEI 2Geological estimate
    1699 – Ongoing
  35. 1550VEI 2Geological estimate
    1550 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Zvezda)
  36. 1050VEI 3Geological estimate
    1050 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Visokaya, Treschina)
  37. 1000VEI 4Geological estimate
    1000 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Kleshnya, Rastaschenny)
  38. 950VEI 4Geological estimate
    950 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Alaid)
  39. 900VEI 4Geological estimate
    900 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Peschanie Gorky)
  40. 550VEI 3Geological estimate
    550 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Kamenistaya)
  41. 450VEI 3Geological estimate
    450 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Dvoinoy, Nedostupny, Dalny)
  42. 400VEI 4Geological estimate
    400 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Pelmen, Lagerny)
  43. 350VEI ?Geological estimate
    350 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Zasipannie)
  44. 250VEI ?Geological estimate
    250 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Poteryanny, Yupiter)
  45. 150VEI ?Geological estimate
    150 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Zapretny)
  46. 50VEI 4Geological estimate
    50 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Mt. 1004, Pra-Visokaya)
  47. 100 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 100 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Sosed, Malenky)
  48. 200 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 200 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Kust)
  49. 700 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 700 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Buraya)
  50. 750 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 750 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Tsepochka, Malishi)
  51. 800 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 800 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Serga, Starichky)
  52. 1650 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1650 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Istochniky)
  53. 1750 BCEVEI 3Geological estimate
    BCE 1750 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Mokhnataya)
  54. 2050 BCEVEI 3Geological estimate
    BCE 2050 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Kruglenky)
  55. 4550 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 4550 – Ongoing
    Plosky and Ostry Tolbachik calderas
  56. 5450 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 5450 – Ongoing
    SW flank and NE flank
  57. 5600 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 5600 – Ongoing
    SW flank
  58. 5650 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 5650 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Bubochka)
  59. 6050 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 6050 – Ongoing
    SW flank (Lesnaya)
  60. 7600 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 7600 – Ongoing

External links

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