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Haleakalā

Haleakala

Shield volcano · United States · 3053m

The summit of Haleakalā on the island of Maui contains a large crater that opens towards the ENE. It formed by the erosion of two large valleys that eventually coalesced, along with collapse events. This view to the NE from near the summit shows the Ko’olau Gap in the distance and scoria cones on the crater floor from eruptions along a major rift zone that extends across the summit from the SW to eastern coasts.
The summit of Haleakalā on the island of Maui contains a large crater that opens towards the ENE. It formed by the erosion of two large valleys that eventually coalesced, along with collapse events. This view to the NE from near the summit shows the Ko’olau Gap in the distance and scoria cones on the crater floor from eruptions along a major rift zone that extends across the summit from the SW to eastern coasts. · Photo: Photo by Dick Stoiber, 1976 (Dartmouth College). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Shield volcano
Country
United States
Region
Eastern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group
Elevation
3053m
Coordinates
20.710, -156.254
Last eruption
1750
Tectonic setting
Intraplate / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Landform
Shield
Major rock type
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Geological summary

The massive Haleakala shield volcano forms the eastern portion of the island of Maui. The summit is at the NW end of a volcanic ridge and at the head of a large scarp that opens to the ENE, interrupting the ridge which continues 7 km across the valley, formed as a result of the coalescence of headward erosion of the Koolau and Kaupo valleys. Subsequently the valley has been partially filled by a chain of young cinder cones and lava flows erupted along the rift zone that extends across the basaltic volcano from the SW to the E flanks. The most recent eruption was thought to have occurred between the exploring voyages of La Perouse in 1786 and Vancouver in 1793, but uncertainty surrounds the date of this event, which could have occurred in about 1750 CE (anthropological evidence) or several centuries earlier (radiocarbon dates).

From Wikipedia

Haleakalā, or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive, active shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, also referred to as the West Maui Mountains.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Read full article →

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
7950 BCE~7627 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?7627 BCE~7303 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?7303 BCE~6980 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?6980 BCE~6657 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?6333 BCE~6010 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?6010 BCE~5687 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?5040 BCE~4717 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?3100 BCE~2777 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?2777 BCE~2453 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?2453 BCE~2130 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?2130 BCE~1807 BCE · 4 eruptions · max VEI ?1807 BCE~1483 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1483 BCE~1160 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?1160 BCE~837 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?837 BCE~513 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?513 BCE~190 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?190 BCE~133 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?780~1103 · 7 eruptions · max VEI ?1103~1427 · 4 eruptions · max VEI ?1427~1750 · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?7950 BCE5687 BCE3100 BCE837 BCE1427

Detailed timeline

  1. 1750VEI ?Geological estimate
    1750 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone (180-360 m)
  2. 1460 (±75 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1460 – Ongoing
    East rift zone
  3. 1420 (±100 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1420 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone
  4. 1360 (±100 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1360 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone (~1600 m)
  5. 1350 (±150 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1350 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone (~1500 m)
  6. 1200 (±75 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1200 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone (~1200 m)
  7. 1080 (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1080 – Ongoing
    North crater wall (Hanakauhi flow)
  8. 1020 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1020 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone
  9. 1010 (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1010 – Ongoing
    Haleakala crater (Halali'i)
  10. 990 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    990 – Ongoing
    East rift zone
  11. 980 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    980 – Ongoing
    Haleakala crater (Puu o ka O'o)
  12. 910 (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    910 – Ongoing
    Haleakala crater
  13. 790 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    790 – Ongoing
    Haleakala crater (Puu Nole)
  14. 80 (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    80 – Ongoing
    Haleakala crater
  15. 290 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 290 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone (~2400 m)
  16. 390 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 390 – Ongoing
    North crater wall
  17. 580 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 580 – Ongoing
    Haleakala crater
  18. 1140 BCE (±30 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1140 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone
  19. 1240 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1240 – Ongoing
    Upper SW rift zone (~2800 m)
  20. 1310 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1310 – Ongoing
    Upper SW rift zone (~2600 m)
  21. 1800 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1800 – Ongoing
    Haleakala crater
  22. 1850 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1850 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone (~1600 m)
  23. 1900 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1900 – Ongoing
    East rift zone
  24. 1940 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1940 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone
  25. 2120 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 2120 – Ongoing
    Haleakala crater (Puu Maile)
  26. 2210 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 2210 – Ongoing
    East rift zone
  27. 2260 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 2260 – Ongoing
    East rift zone (East Camp cone)
  28. 2470 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 2470 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone (~2000 m)
  29. 2580 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 2580 – Ongoing
  30. 3070 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 3070 – Ongoing
    East rift zone
  31. 4760 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 4760 – Ongoing
  32. 5860 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 5860 – Ongoing
    East rift zone
  33. 6030 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 6030 – Ongoing
    East rift zone
  34. 6220 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 6220 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone
  35. 6700 BCE (±100 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 6700 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone
  36. 6760 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 6760 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone (W of Kanahau)
  37. 7210 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 7210 – Ongoing
    Upper SW rift zone
  38. 7450 BCE (±300 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 7450 – Ongoing
    East rift zone
  39. 7570 BCE (±75 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 7570 – Ongoing
    East rift zone
  40. 7950 BCE (±200 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 7950 – Ongoing
    SW rift zone (~1800 m)

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.