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San Martín Tuxtla

San Martin

Volcanic field · Mexico · 1660m

Volcán San Martín Tuxtla is a large edifice in the NE part of the basaltic Los Tuxtlas Volcanic Field on the coast of the Gulf of México. The summit and flanks contain more than 250 cones and maars. Two large eruptions took place in 1664 and 1793. The 1793 eruption occurred from two scoria cones in the 1-km-wide summit crater and produced widespread ashfall and lava flows that extended 3.5 km down the NE flank.
Volcán San Martín Tuxtla is a large edifice in the NE part of the basaltic Los Tuxtlas Volcanic Field on the coast of the Gulf of México. The summit and flanks contain more than 250 cones and maars. Two large eruptions took place in 1664 and 1793. The 1793 eruption occurred from two scoria cones in the 1-km-wide summit crater and produced widespread ashfall and lava flows that extended 3.5 km down the NE flank. · Photo: Photo by Steve Nelson, 1986 (Tulane University). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Volcanic field
Country
Mexico
Region
Middle America-Caribbean Volcanic Regions / Trans-Mexican Volcanic Arc
Elevation
1660m
Coordinates
18.561, -95.199
Last eruption
1796
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Trachybasalt / Tephrite Basanite
Geological summary

Volcán de San Martín, part of the Tuxtla Volcanic Field, is a broad alkaline shield volcano that rises above the Gulf of Mexico. The massive volcano, also known as San Martín Tuxtla, is elongated NW-SE and is capped by a 1-km-wide summit crater. The upper part of the volcano is covered with dense tropical rain forests. The summit and flanks contain more than 250 pyroclastic cones and maars. Well-preserved cinder cones are abundant between the summit and Laguna Catemaco on the SE flank. Holocene cones in this area produced ash deposits that buried stone pyramids. The two largest recorded eruptions took place in 1664 and 1793. The 1793 eruption occurred from two cinder cones in the summit crater and produced widespread ashfall and lava flows that extended 3.5 km down the NE flank.

From Wikipedia

The isolated San Martin Tuxtla volcano is a shield volcano which rises above the Gulf of Mexico. It has had eruptions in historical times. It occurs in the Tuxtla volcanic field in Veracruz, Mexico. Lavas from San Martin vary between basanite and alkali basalt. Locally the volcano is also known as Tiltépetl.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Read full article →

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
3440 BCE~3241 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?2246 BCE~2047 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1450 BCE~1251 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?853 BCE~655 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?257 BCE~58 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?58 BCE~141 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?340~539 · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?738~937 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1335~1534 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1534~1733 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 31733~1932 · 5 eruptions · max VEI 43440 BCE2047 BCE853 BCE5391733

Detailed timeline

  1. 1932VEI ?Geological estimate
    1932-12-31 – Ongoing
  2. 1838VEI ?Geological estimate
    1838 – Ongoing
  3. 1797VEI 2Geological estimate
    1797 – 1805
  4. 1794VEI 2Observed
    1794-05 – 1796
  5. 1793VEI 4Observed
    1793-03-02 – 1793-12
    Cinder cones in summit crater
  6. 1664VEI 3Observed
    1664-01-15 – Ongoing
    SE flank
  7. 1534VEI ?Geological estimate
    1534 – Ongoing
  8. 890 (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    890 – Ongoing
  9. 480 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    480 – Ongoing
  10. 380 (±75 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    380 – Ongoing
    South flank
  11. 120 (±200 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    120 – Ongoing
    South flank (Cerro Puntiagudo)
  12. 150 BCE (±300 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 150 – Ongoing
    South flank
  13. 750 BCE (±40 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 750 – Ongoing
  14. 1320 BCE (±300 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1320 – Ongoing
    South flank (Cerro Mono Blanco)
  15. 2130 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 2130 – Ongoing
  16. 3440 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 3440 – Ongoing

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.