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Ubinas

Stratovolcano · Peru · 5608m

Volcán Ubinas, seen here from the west, is Perú's most active volcano. A small, 1.2-km-wide caldera that cuts the top of Ubinas gives it a truncated appearance. The upper slopes of the stratovolcano steepen to nearly 45 degrees. The steep-walled, 150-m-deep caldera contains an ash cone with a 500-m-wide funnel-shaped vent that is 200-m deep. Holocene lava flows are visible on the volcano's flanks, but historical activity, documented since the 16th century, has consisted of intermittent minor explosive eruptions.
Volcán Ubinas, seen here from the west, is Perú's most active volcano. A small, 1.2-km-wide caldera that cuts the top of Ubinas gives it a truncated appearance. The upper slopes of the stratovolcano steepen to nearly 45 degrees. The steep-walled, 150-m-deep caldera contains an ash cone with a 500-m-wide funnel-shaped vent that is 200-m deep. Holocene lava flows are visible on the volcano's flanks, but historical activity, documented since the 16th century, has consisted of intermittent minor explosive eruptions. · Photo: Photo by Norm Banks, 1988 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Peru
Region
South America Volcanic Regions / Central Andean Volcanic Arc
Elevation
5608m
Coordinates
-16.345, -70.897
Last eruption
2024
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Geological summary

The truncated appearance of Ubinas, Perú's most active volcano, is a result of a 1.4-km-wide crater at the summit. It is the northernmost of three young volcanoes located along a regional structural lineament about 50 km behind the main volcanic front. The growth and destruction of Ubinas I was followed by construction of Ubinas II beginning in the mid-Pleistocene. The upper slopes of the andesitic-to-rhyolitic Ubinas II stratovolcano are composed primarily of andesitic and trachyandesitic lava flows and steepen to nearly 45°. The steep-walled, 150-m-deep summit crater contains an ash cone with a 500-m-wide funnel-shaped vent that is 200 m deep. Debris-avalanche deposits from the collapse of the SE flank about 3,700 years ago extend 10 km from the volcano. Widespread Plinian pumice-fall deposits include one from about 1,000 years ago. Holocene lava flows are visible on the flanks, but activity documented since the 16th century has consisted of intermittent minor-to-moderate explosive eruptions.

From Wikipedia

Ubinas is an active stratovolcano in the Moquegua Region of southern Peru, approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of the city of Arequipa. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, it rises 5,672 metres (18,609 ft) above sea level. The volcano's summit is cut by a 1.4-kilometre-wide (0.87 mi) and 150-metre-deep (490 ft) caldera, which itself contains a smaller crater. Below the summit, Ubinas has the shape of an upwards-steepening cone with a prominent notch on the southern side. The gently sloping lower part of the volcano is also known as Ubinas I and the steeper upper part as Ubinas II; they represent different stages in the volcano's geological history.

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Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
8560 BCE~8207 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?7149 BCE~6796 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?966~1318 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 51318~1671 · 4 eruptions · max VEI 31671~2024 · 21 eruptions · max VEI 38560 BCE6090 BCE3268 BCE798 BCE1671

Detailed timeline

  1. 2024VEI 2Observed
    2024-05-06 – 2024-06-11
  2. 2023VEI 3Observed
    2023-06-22 – 2023-12-15
  3. 2019VEI 2Observed
    2019-06-24 – 2019-09-12
  4. 2016VEI 2Observed
    2016-09-13 – 2017-03-02
    Summit crater
  5. 2013VEI 2Observed
    2013-09-01 – 2016-02-27
    Summit crater
  6. 2010VEI 1Observed
    2010-07-18 – 2010-07-18
  7. 2006VEI 2Observed
    2006-03-25 – 2009-07-04
  8. 1969VEI 2Observed
    1969-06-16 – Ongoing
  9. 1956VEI 2Observed
    1956-05-16 – 1956-10-21
  10. 1951VEI 2Observed
    1951-07-23 – Ongoing
  11. 1937VEI 2Observed
    1937-06 – Ongoing
  12. 1907VEI 2Observed
    1907 – Ongoing
  13. 1906VEI 2Observed
    1906-10 – Ongoing
  14. 1869VEI 2Observed
    1869-10 – Ongoing
  15. 1867VEI 2Observed
    1867-05-24 – 1867-05-28
  16. 1865VEI 2Observed
    1865 – Ongoing
  17. 1862VEI 2Observed
    1862 – Ongoing
  18. 1830VEI 2Observed
    1830 – Ongoing
  19. 1826VEI ?Geological estimate
    1826 – Ongoing
  20. 1784VEI 2Observed
    1784 – Ongoing
  21. 1677VEI 3Observed
    1677 – Ongoing
  22. 1667VEI 3Observed
    1667 – Ongoing
  23. 1662VEI 3Observed
    1662 – Ongoing
  24. 1600VEI 2Geological estimate
    1600 – Ongoing
  25. 1550 (±50 yrs)VEI 3Observed
    1550 – Ongoing
  26. 1082 (±82 yrs)VEI 5Geological estimate
    1082 – Ongoing
  27. 6850 BCE (±150 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 6850 – Ongoing
  28. 8560 BCE (±300 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 8560 – Ongoing

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.