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Calbuco

Stratovolcano · Chile · 1974m

Calbuco is one of the most active volcanoes of the southern Chilean Andes. The isolated volcano rises to 2003 m south of Lake Llanquihue, which is visible at the upper right. The summit ridge (center) of the volcano is the remnant of an older volcano that collapsed during the late Pleistocene and produced a 3 cu km debris avalanche that reached the lake. Subsequent eruptions generated andesitic lava flows, breccias, and tuffs that filled the scarp and were subsequently topped by an historical lava-dome complex (right center).
Calbuco is one of the most active volcanoes of the southern Chilean Andes. The isolated volcano rises to 2003 m south of Lake Llanquihue, which is visible at the upper right. The summit ridge (center) of the volcano is the remnant of an older volcano that collapsed during the late Pleistocene and produced a 3 cu km debris avalanche that reached the lake. Subsequent eruptions generated andesitic lava flows, breccias, and tuffs that filled the scarp and were subsequently topped by an historical lava-dome complex (right center). · Photo: Photo by Hugo Moreno (University of Chile). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Chile
Region
South America Volcanic Regions / Southern Andean Volcanic Arc
Elevation
1974m
Coordinates
-41.330, -72.618
Last eruption
2015
Tectonic setting
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Geological summary

Calbuco is one of the most active volcanoes of the southern Chilean Andes, along with its neighbor, Osorno. The late-Pleistocene to Holocene andesitic volcano is immediately SE of Lake Llanquihué in the Chilean lake district. Guanahuca, Guenauca, Huanauca, and Huanaque, all listed as synonyms of Calbuco (Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World), are actually synonyms of nearby Osorno volcano (Moreno 1985, pers. comm.). The edifice is elongated in a SW-NE direction and is capped by a 400-500 m wide summit crater. The complex evolution included collapse of an intermediate edifice during the late Pleistocene that produced a 3-km3 debris avalanche that reached the lake. It has erupted frequently during the Holocene, and one of the largest historical eruptions in southern Chile took place from Calbuco in 1893-1894 that concluded with lava dome emplacement. Subsequent eruptions have enlarged the lava-dome complex in the summit crater.

From Wikipedia

Calbuco is a stratovolcano in southern Chile, located southeast of Llanquihue Lake and northwest of Chapo Lake, in the Los Lagos Region, and close to the cities of Puerto Varas and Puerto Montt. With an elevation of 2,015 meters above sea level, the volcano and the surrounding area are protected within the Llanquihue National Reserve.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Read full article →

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
8460 BCE~8111 BCE · 3 eruptions · max VEI 58111 BCE~7762 BCE · 3 eruptions · max VEI ?7762 BCE~7412 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 47063 BCE~6714 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 56365 BCE~6016 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?6016 BCE~5667 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 45317 BCE~4968 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI 44619 BCE~4270 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?2175 BCE~1826 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?429 BCE~80 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?80 BCE~269 · 3 eruptions · max VEI 4269~618 · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?618~968 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 41317~1666 · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?1666~2015 · 14 eruptions · max VEI 48460 BCE6016 BCE3222 BCE778 BCE1666

Detailed timeline

  1. 2015VEI 4Observed
    2015-04-22 – 2015-05-26
    Summit crater
  2. 1972VEI 2Observed
    1972-08-26 – 1972-08-26
  3. 1961VEI 3Observed
    1961-02-01 – 1961-03-26
  4. 1945VEI ?Observed
    1945 – Ongoing
  5. 1932VEI ?Observed
    1932 – Ongoing
  6. 1929VEI 3Observed
    1929-01-06 – 1929-01-06
  7. 1917VEI 3Observed
    1917-04 – 1917-05
  8. 1911VEI 2Observed
    1911 – 1912
  9. 1909VEI 2Observed
    1909-03 – Ongoing
  10. 1907VEI 2Observed
    1907-04-22 – Ongoing
  11. 1906VEI 2Observed
    1906 – Ongoing
  12. 1894VEI 2Observed
    1894-11-16 – 1895
  13. 1893VEI 4Observed
    1893-01-07 – 1894-01-16
  14. 1792VEI ?Observed
    1792 – Ongoing
  15. 1600 (±75 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1600 – Ongoing
  16. 1380 (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1380 – Ongoing
  17. 710 (±60 yrs)VEI 4Geological estimate
    710 – Ongoing
  18. 520 (±200 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    520 – Ongoing
  19. 220 (±75 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    220 – Ongoing
  20. 160 (±135 yrs)VEI 4Geological estimate
    160 – Ongoing
  21. 40 (±75 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    40 – Ongoing
  22. 100 BCE (±100 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 100 – Ongoing
  23. 330 BCE (±200 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 330 – Ongoing
  24. 1920 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1920 – Ongoing
  25. 4300 BCE (±150 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 4300 – Ongoing
  26. 5030 BCE (±180 yrs)VEI 4Geological estimate
    BCE 5030 – Ongoing
  27. 5820 BCE (±880 yrs)VEI 4Geological estimate
    BCE 5820 – Ongoing
  28. 6300 BCE (±1035 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 6300 – Ongoing
  29. 6760 BCE (±825 yrs)VEI 5Geological estimate
    BCE 6760 – Ongoing
  30. 7550 BCE (±45 yrs)VEI 4Geological estimate
    BCE 7550 – Ongoing
  31. 7930 BCE (±275 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 7930 – Ongoing
  32. 7990 BCE (±290 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 7990 – Ongoing
  33. 8100 BCE (±1300 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 8100 – Ongoing
  34. 8210 BCE (±290 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 8210 – Ongoing
  35. 8320 BCE (±250 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 8320 – Ongoing
  36. 8460 BCE (±155 yrs)VEI 5Geological estimate
    BCE 8460 – Ongoing

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.