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Trölladyngja

Bardarbunga

Stratovolcano · Iceland · 2000m

The Veidivötn fissure system, which extends about 100 km SW from Bárdarbunga volcano, has been the source of major eruptions during the Holocene. The approximately 60-km-long Vatnaöldur crater row, seen stretching across this image, formed during a major eruption on the southern part of the fissure system in about 877 CE. The explosive eruption produced large volumes of tephra and small lava flows. The peak on the center horizon is Hekla volcano.
The Veidivötn fissure system, which extends about 100 km SW from Bárdarbunga volcano, has been the source of major eruptions during the Holocene. The approximately 60-km-long Vatnaöldur crater row, seen stretching across this image, formed during a major eruption on the southern part of the fissure system in about 877 CE. The explosive eruption produced large volumes of tephra and small lava flows. The peak on the center horizon is Hekla volcano. · Photo: Photo by Ingibjörg Kaldal (Icelandic National Energy Authority). · Wikimedia Commons
Type
Stratovolcano
Country
Iceland
Region
Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Elevation
2000m
Coordinates
64.633, -17.516
Last eruption
2015
Tectonic setting
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Landform
Composite
Major rock type
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Geological summary

The large central volcano of Bárðarbunga lies beneath the NW part of the Vatnajökull icecap, NW of Grímsvötn volcano, and contains a subglacial 700-m-deep caldera. Related fissure systems include the Veidivötn and Trollagigar fissures, which extend about 100 km SW to near Torfajökull volcano and 50 km NE to near Askja volcano, respectively. Voluminous fissure eruptions, including one at Thjorsarhraun, which produced the largest known Holocene lava flow on Earth with a volume of more than 21 km3, have occurred throughout the Holocene into historical time from the Veidivötn fissure system. The last major eruption of Veidivötn, in 1477, also produced a large tephra deposit. The subglacial Loki-Fögrufjöll volcanic system to the SW is also part of the Bárðarbunga volcanic system and contains two subglacial ridges extending from the largely subglacial Hamarinn central volcano; the Loki ridge trends to the NE and the Fögrufjöll ridge to the SW. Jökulhlaups (glacier-outburst floods) from eruptions at Bárðarbunga potentially affect drainages in all directions.

From Wikipedia

Situated in the Ódáðahraun lava field, Trölladyngja is the biggest of the Icelandic shield volcanoes, reaching a height of 1,460 metres (4,790 ft) above sea level, and rising almost 600 m (2,000 ft) above the surrounding desert and lava fields. It part of the Bárðarbunga volcanic system and has a volume of 15 km3 (3.6 cu mi) with some extensive lava flows to the north of Bárðarbunga.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Read full article →

Eruption history

Summary (VEI over time)
Click a bar to see individual eruptions
7100 BCE~6796 BCE · 2 eruptions · max VEI ?6796 BCE~6492 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?5277 BCE~4973 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?4973 BCE~4670 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?4670 BCE~4366 BCE · 3 eruptions · max VEI ?4366 BCE~4062 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?1328 BCE~1024 BCE · 1 eruptions · max VEI ?113 BCE~191 · 1 eruptions · max VEI 2799~1103 · 4 eruptions · max VEI 41103~1406 · 6 eruptions · max VEI 11406~1710 · 6 eruptions · max VEI 61710~2014 · 28 eruptions · max VEI 37100 BCE4973 BCE2543 BCE416 BCE1710

Detailed timeline

  1. 2014VEI 0Observed
    2014-08-29 – 2015-02-27
    Holuhraun vent, 45 km NE
  2. 2008VEI 0Geological estimate
    2008-08-16 – Ongoing
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (West Loki cauldron)
  3. 2006VEI 0Geological estimate
    2006-04-16 – Ongoing
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  4. 2005VEI 0Geological estimate
    2005-07-16 – 2005-08-16
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (West Loki cauldron)
  5. 2002VEI 0Geological estimate
    2002-07-16 – 2002-09-16
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (W and E Loki cauldrons)
  6. 2000VEI 0Geological estimate
    2000-08-16 – Ongoing
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (W and E Loki cauldrons)
  7. 1997VEI 0Geological estimate
    1997-08-16 – Ongoing
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  8. 1996VEI 0Geological estimate
    1996-08-16 – Ongoing
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (West Loki cauldron)
  9. 1995VEI 0Geological estimate
    1995-07-16 – Ongoing
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  10. 1991VEI 0Geological estimate
    1991-08-12 – Ongoing
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  11. 1986VEI 0Geological estimate
    1986-11-29 – 1986-12-01
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  12. 1910VEI 2Observed
    1910-06-18 – 1910-10
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  13. 1902VEI 2Geological estimate
    1902-12 – 1903-06
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  14. 1872VEI ?Geological estimate
    1872 – Ongoing
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  15. 1862VEI 2Observed
    1862-06-30 – 1864-10-15
    Trollagigar
  16. 1807VEI ?Geological estimate
    1807 – Ongoing
    NW-Vatnajökull
  17. 1797VEI ?Geological estimate
    1797 – Ongoing
    Volcano Uncertain
  18. 1794VEI ?Observed
    1794 – Ongoing
  19. 1769VEI 2Geological estimate
    1769 – Ongoing
    Volcano Uncertain: Bárdarbunga or Grímsvötn
  20. 1766VEI 2Observed
    1766-07 – Ongoing
  21. 1750 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1750 – Ongoing
  22. 1739VEI 2Geological estimate
    1739 – Ongoing
  23. 1729VEI 1Geological estimate
    1729 – Ongoing
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  24. 1726VEI 1Observed
    1726-02-01 – 1726-05-01
    Dyngjujökull, Dyngjuhal ?
  25. 1720VEI 2Geological estimate
    1720 – Ongoing
  26. 1717VEI 3Observed
    1717-08-04 – 1717-09-17
  27. 1716VEI 2Observed
    1716-10-05 – Ongoing
  28. 1712VEI 2Observed
    1712-01-15 – Ongoing
  29. 1707VEI 2Observed
    1707 – Ongoing
  30. 1706VEI 2Observed
    1706 – Ongoing
  31. 1702VEI 2Geological estimate
    1702 – Ongoing
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  32. 1697VEI 2Geological estimate
    1697 – Ongoing
  33. 1477VEI 6Observed
    1477-02 – Ongoing
    Veidivötn (Veidivatnahraun)
  34. 1410VEI ?Geological estimate
    1410 – Ongoing
  35. 1350 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1350 – Ongoing
  36. 1290 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1290 – Ongoing
  37. 1270 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1270 – Ongoing
  38. 1250 (±50 yrs)VEI 1Geological estimate
    1250 – Ongoing
    Frambuni
  39. 1210 (±10 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    1210 – Ongoing
  40. 1159VEI ?Observed
    1159 – Ongoing
  41. 1080VEI ?Geological estimate
    1080 – Ongoing
  42. 940VEI ?Geological estimate
    940 – Ongoing
  43. 880VEI ?Geological estimate
    880 – Ongoing
  44. 870VEI 4Geological estimate
    870 – Ongoing
    Vatnaöldur
  45. 150 (±100 yrs)VEI 2Geological estimate
    150 – Ongoing
    Veidivötn (Tjorvahraun)
  46. 1200 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 1200 – Ongoing
    Veidivötn (Burfellshraun, Drekahraun)
  47. 4200 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 4200 – Ongoing
    Veidvötn (Sigolduhraun THf)
  48. 4400 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 4400 – Ongoing
    Veidvötn (Tungnaárhraun THe)
  49. 4550 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 4550 – Ongoing
    Veidivötn (Sigolduhraun, Kalfahraun)
  50. 4600 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 4600 – Ongoing
    Veidvötn (Tungnaárhraun THd)
  51. 4800 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 4800 – Ongoing
    Veidvötn (Tungnaárhraun THc)
  52. 5000 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 5000 – Ongoing
    Trölladyngja
  53. 6650 BCE (±50 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 6650 – Ongoing
    Veidivötn (Thjorsarhraun)
  54. 7050 BCE (±1000 yrs)VEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 7050 – Ongoing
    Veidivötn (Haahraun, Botnahraun)
  55. 7100 BCEVEI ?Geological estimate
    BCE 7100 – Ongoing
    Trölladyngja (Bardarhalshraun)

External links

⚠ For reference only. Not for emergency response.