Ōkataina Caldera
Okataina
Domo de lava · New Zealand · 1111 m
- Tipo
- Domo de lava
- País
- New Zealand
- Región
- Tonga-Kermadec Volcanic Regions / Taupo Volcanic Arc
- Altitud
- 1111 m
- Coordenadas
- -38.157, 176.507
- Última erupción
- 1981
- Contexto tectónico
- Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
- Forma volcánica
- Cluster
- Roca principal
- Rhyolite
Resumen geológico
The massive, dominantly rhyolitic Okataina Volcanic Centre (OVC) is surrounded by extensive ignimbrite and pyroclastic sheets produced during multiple caldera-forming eruptions. Numerous lava domes and craters erupted from two subparallel NE-SW-trending vent lineations form the Haroharo and Tarawera volcanic complexes. Lava domes of the Haroharo complex, at the northern end of the OVC, occupy part of the 16 x 26 km Pleistocene Haroharo caldera, which formed incrementally between 300,000 and 50,000 years before present (BP). The oldest exposed rocks on the caldera floor are about 22,000 years old. The Tarawera complex at the southern end of OVC consists of 11 rhyolitic lava domes and associated lava flows. The oldest domes were formed as late as about 15,000 years BP, and the youngest were formed in the Kaharoa eruption about 800 years BP. The NE-SW Tarawera vent lineation extends from the two dacitic cones of Maungaongaonga and Mangakakaramea on the SW to Mount Edgecumbe on the NE. Construction of the Haroharo and Tarawera complexes impounded lakes Rotoiti, Totoehu, Okataina, and Tarawera against the outer margins of the Okataina ring structure. A major hydrothermal area is located at Waimangu; the world-renowned Pink and White Terrace siliceous sinter deposits were destroyed during the major basaltic explosive eruption of 1886.
Resumen de Wikipedia
Resumen en inglésŌkataina Caldera is a volcanic caldera and its associated volcanoes located in Taupō Volcanic Zone of New Zealand's North Island. It has several actual or postulated sub calderas. The Ōkataina Caldera is just east of the smaller separate Rotorua Caldera and southwest of the much smaller Rotomā Embayment, which is usually regarded as an associated volcano. It shows high rates of explosive rhyolitic volcanism, although its last eruption was basaltic. The postulated Haroharo Caldera contained within it has sometimes been described in almost interchangeable terms with the Ōkataina Caldera or volcanic complex or centre and by other authors as a separate complex defined by gravitational and magnetic features. Since 2010 other terms such as the Haroharo vent alignment, Utu Caldera, Matahina Caldera, Rotoiti Caldera and a postulated Kawerau Caldera are often used, rather than a Haroharo Caldera classification.
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Historial de erupciones
Línea de tiempo detallada
- 1981VEI 1Observado1981-05-16 – 1981-05-16Waimangu (Raupo Pond crater)
- 1978VEI 1Observado1978-02-23 – 1978-02-23Waimangu (Raupo Pond, Inferno Crater)
- 1973VEI 1Observado1973-02-22 – 1973-02-22Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1951VEI 1Observado1951-06-16 – En cursoRotomahana
- 1926VEI 1Observado1926-11-17 – 1926-11-18Rotomahana
- 1924VEI 1Observado1924 – En cursoWaimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1918VEI 1Observado1918 – 1920Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1917VEI 1Observado1917-03-24 – 1917-04-04Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1915VEI 1Observado1915-02-04 – 1915-04-13Waimangu (Echo Crater & NW of Fairy Crater)
- 1915VEI 1Observado1915-11-05 – 1915-11-09Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1914VEI 1Observado1914-01-28 – 1914-02Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
- 1913VEI 1Observado1913-01-27 – 1913-01-27Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1912VEI 1Observado1912-04 – En cursoWaimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1910VEI 1Observado1910-07-24 – 1910-07-25Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1908VEI 1Observado1908-10-01 – 1908-10-01Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1906VEI 1Observado1906-02-21 – 1906-02-21Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
- 1905VEI 1Observado1905-02-18 – 1905-02-23Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1905VEI 1Observado1905-06-17 – 1905-06-17Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1900VEI 1Observado1900-01 – 1904-11-01Waimangu Geyser
- 1896VEI 1Observado1896 – En cursoWaimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1886VEI 5Observado1886-06-10 – 1886-08Tarawera (Wahanga-Waimangu fissure)
- 1310 (±12 años)VEI 5Estimación geológica1310 – 1315Tarawera (Kaharoa eruption)
- 180VEI ?Estimación geológica180 – En cursoTe Kopia thermal area
- 300 a. C.VEI 0Estimación geológicaBCE 300 – En cursoMt. Edgecumbe
- 1330 a. C. (±75 años)VEI ?Estimación geológicaBCE 1330 – En cursoMt. Edgecumbe
- 1750 a. C.VEI 4Estimación geológicaBCE 1750 – En cursoHaroharo (Rotokawau to Rotoatua)
- 3580 a. C. (±50 años)VEI 5Estimación geológicaBCE 3580 – En cursoHaroharo (Makatiti and other domes)
- 5550 a. C.VEI 0Estimación geológicaBCE 5550 – En cursoMt. Edgecumbe
- 6060 a. C. (±50 años)VEI 5Estimación geológicaBCE 6060 – En cursoHaroharo (Te Horoa & other domes)
- 7560 a. C. (±18 años)VEI 5Estimación geológicaBCE 7560 – En cursoRotoma caldera, Tuahu, Kawerau
- 8050 a. C.VEI ?Estimación geológicaBCE 8050 – En cursoWest Rerewhakaaitu fissures
Enlaces externos
⚠ Solo como referencia. No apto para respuesta ante emergencias.