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Askja

Estratovolcán · Iceland · 1080 m

Askja is a central volcano made up of the Dyngjufjöll massif and at least three calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide. This view from the SE looks across Öskjuvatn lake within the youngest caldera that formed in 1875 during Askja's largest historical eruption. It truncates a larger caldera, whose wall is seen in the distance above the lava-covered caldera floor. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagjá graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system.
Askja is a central volcano made up of the Dyngjufjöll massif and at least three calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide. This view from the SE looks across Öskjuvatn lake within the youngest caldera that formed in 1875 during Askja's largest historical eruption. It truncates a larger caldera, whose wall is seen in the distance above the lava-covered caldera floor. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagjá graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system. · Foto: Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Estratovolcán
País
Iceland
Región
Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Altitud
1080 m
Coordenadas
65.033, -16.783
Última erupción
1961
Contexto tectónico
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Forma volcánica
Composite
Roca principal
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Resumen geológico

Askja is a large basaltic central volcano that forms the Dyngjufjöll massif. It is truncated by three overlapping calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide and may have been produced primarily from subglacial ring-fracture eruptions rather than by subsidence. A major rhyolitic explosive eruption from Dyngjufjöll about 10,000 years ago was in part associated with the formation of Askja caldera. Many postglacial eruptions also occurred along the ring-fracture. A major explosive eruption on the SE caldera margin in 1875 was one of Iceland's largest during historical time. It resulted in the formation of a smaller 4.5-km-wide caldera, now filled by Öskjuvatn lake, that truncates the rim of the larger central caldera. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagja graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system, as are several small shield volcanoes such as Kollatadyngja. Twentieth-century eruptions have produced lava flows from vents located mostly near Öskjuvatn lake.

Resumen de Wikipedia

Askja es un volcán de Islandia. Es el cráter más grande de la caldera volcánica de Dyngjufjöl ubicado en las Tierras Altas de Islandia. Se encuentra a 32 km al norte de Vatnajökull, el mayor glaciar islandés, en la zona meridional de la región de Norðurland Eystra.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Leer artículo completo →

Historial de erupciones

Resumen (VEI en el tiempo)
Haga clic en una barra para ver erupciones individuales
8910 BCE~8548 BCE · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 52387 BCE~2025 BCE · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 01300 BCE~938 BCE · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 01236~1599 · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 11599~1961 · 10 erupciones · VEI máx. 58910 BCE6373 BCE3474 BCE938 BCE1599

Línea de tiempo detallada

  1. 1961VEI 2Observado
    1961-10-26 – 1961-12-05
    North of Öskjuvatn lake (Vikraborgir)
  2. 1938VEI 2Observado
    1938-12-19 – En curso
    South shore of Öskjuvatn lake
  3. 1926VEI 2Observado
    1926-07-15 – En curso
    South end of Öskjuvatn lake
  4. 1924VEI 0Observado
    1924 – En curso
    South flank of Dyngjufjöll massif
  5. 1923VEI 0Observado
    1923-01-15 – En curso
    SE corner of Öskjuvatn Caldera
  6. 1922VEI 0Observado
    1922-11 – En curso
    1 km SW of Öskjuvatn Caldera
  7. 1921VEI 0Observado
    1921-03 – En curso
    NE caldera wall, 0.6 km SE of Viti
  8. 1919VEI 2Observado
    1919 – En curso
    Dyngjufjöll
  9. 1875VEI 5Observado
    1875-01-01 – 1875-10-17
    Öskjuvatn Caldera, Viti, Sveinagja
  10. 1797VEI 0Observado
    1797 – En curso
    Holuhraun
  11. 1300VEI 1Estimación geológica
    1300 – En curso
    South of Dyngjufjöll Ytri
  12. 1250 a. C. (±300 años)VEI 0Estimación geológica
    BCE 1250 – En curso
    Litladynga and Askja
  13. 2050 a. C. (±500 años)VEI 0Estimación geológica
    BCE 2050 – En curso
    Flatadyngja, other areas NE of Dyngjufjöll
  14. 8910 a. C. (±200 años)VEI 5Estimación geológica
    BCE 8910 – En curso
    SE part of Askja caldera

Enlaces externos

⚠ Solo como referencia. No apto para respuesta ante emergencias.