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Hverarönd

Krafla

Caldera · Iceland · 800 m

The Krafla central volcano, located NE of Mývatn lake, is a topographically indistinct 9-km-wide caldera that is cut by a N-S-trending fissure system. This view from the south looks toward the center of the caldera with the rhyolitic lava dome of Hlidarfjall on the left and prominent fissures cutting across the caldera at the right.
The Krafla central volcano, located NE of Mývatn lake, is a topographically indistinct 9-km-wide caldera that is cut by a N-S-trending fissure system. This view from the south looks toward the center of the caldera with the rhyolitic lava dome of Hlidarfjall on the left and prominent fissures cutting across the caldera at the right. · Foto: Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Caldera
País
Iceland
Región
Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Altitud
800 m
Coordenadas
65.715, -16.728
Última erupción
1984
Contexto tectónico
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Forma volcánica
Cluster
Roca principal
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Resumen geológico

The Krafla volcanic system in the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of Iceland is about 100 km long, consisting of a fissure swarm and a central volcano with a 7 x 9 km caldera formed about 110,000 years ago that deposited a rhyolitic welded tuff. It has been moderately active in the Holocene, over three distinct eruptive periods; the current one has lasted about 2,800 years with six volcano-tectonic episodes, each with one or more basaltic fissure eruptions. Lava volumes (DRE) have been in the 0.1-1 km3 range. The Hverfjall and Ludent tuff rings east of Myvatn were erupted along the fissure system. Myvatn lake formed during the eruption of the older Laxarhraun lava flow from the Ketildyngja shield volcano of the Fremrinamur volcanic system about 3,800 years before present (BP); The present Myvatn lake is constrained by the roughly 2,000 years BP younger Laxarhraun lava flow from the Krafla volcanic system. The abundant pseudocraters that form a prominent part of the Myvatn landscape were created when the younger Laxarhraun lava flow entered the lake. The last eruption took place in 1975-1984 CE when nine small basaltic fissure eruptions produced 0.25 km3 of lava.

Resumen de Wikipedia

Hverfjall es un cono de tefra o volcán de anillo de toba en el norte de Islandia, al este de Mývatn.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Leer artículo completo →

Historial de erupciones

Resumen (VEI en el tiempo)
Haga clic en una barra para ver erupciones individuales
8500 BCE~8151 BCE · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 07102 BCE~6753 BCE · 2 erupciones · VEI máx. 26753 BCE~6403 BCE · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. ?3258 BCE~2909 BCE · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 0812 BCE~462 BCE · 2 erupciones · VEI máx. 4113 BCE~237 · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 2237~586 · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 0586~936 · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 01285~1635 · 1 erupciones · VEI máx. 21635~1984 · 12 erupciones · VEI máx. 28500 BCE6054 BCE3258 BCE812 BCE1635

Línea de tiempo detallada

  1. 1984VEI 0Observado
    1984-09-04 – 1984-09-18
    Leirhnjúkur to 8.5 km north
  2. 1981VEI 0Observado
    1981-01-30 – 1981-02-04
    6-8 km N of Leirhnjúkur
  3. 1981VEI 0Observado
    1981-11-18 – 1981-11-23
    Leirhnjúkur to 9 km north
  4. 1980VEI 0Observado
    1980-03-16 – 1980-10-23
    Leirhnjúkur to 11 km north
  5. 1977VEI 1Observado
    1977-04-27 – 1977-09-08
    3 km north of Leirhnjúkur
  6. 1975VEI 0Observado
    1975-12-20 – 1975-12-20
    1.5-2.5 km north of Leirhnjúkur
  7. 1746VEI 1Observado
    1746-07-10 – 1746-07-10
    Leirhnjúkur crater row
  8. 1729VEI 2Observado
    1729-06-30 – 1729-09-25
    Leirhnjúkur crater row
  9. 1728VEI 2Observado
    1728-04-18 – En curso
    Leirhnjúkur, Hrossadalur, Bjarnarflag
  10. 1728VEI 2Observado
    1728-12-18 – En curso
    Leirhnjúkur crater row
  11. 1727VEI 2Observado
    1727-08-21 – En curso
    North end of Leirhnjúkur
  12. 1724VEI 2Observado
    1724-05-17 – 1724-05-18
    Víti (1.5 km east of Leirhnjúkur)
  13. 1300 (±200 años)VEI 2Estimación geológica
    1300 – En curso
    Crater south of Víti
  14. 850VEI 0Estimación geológica
    850 – En curso
    Daleldar, Svortuborgir
  15. 250 (±300 años)VEI 0Estimación geológica
    250 – En curso
    Kerlingarholar
  16. 50 a. C.VEI 2Estimación geológica
    BCE 50 – En curso
    Holseldar
  17. 500 a. C. (±300 años)VEI 0Estimación geológica
    BCE 500 – En curso
    North of Hverfjall
  18. 650 a. C.VEI 4Estimación geológica
    BCE 650 – En curso
    Hverfjall, Jarbadsholar
  19. 3050 a. C.VEI 0Estimación geológica
    BCE 3050 – En curso
    Hvannstód
  20. 6500 a. C.VEI ?Estimación geológica
    BCE 6500 – En curso
    Kröfluhalshraun
  21. 6800 a. C.VEI 2Estimación geológica
    BCE 6800 – En curso
    Hveragil
  22. 6850 a. C.VEI 2Estimación geológica
    BCE 6850 – En curso
    Bondholshraun, Hveragil
  23. 8500 a. C.VEI 0Estimación geológica
    BCE 8500 – En curso
    Gjastykkisbunga

Enlaces externos

⚠ Solo como referencia. No apto para respuesta ante emergencias.