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Etna

Stratovolkan · Italy · 3357 m

Etna is Europe's highest volcano, towering above the city of Taormina on its NE flank. One of the world's longest documented historical records continues, dating back to the 2nd millennium BCE. Historical lava flows cover much of the surface of this 40 x 60 km wide basaltic stratovolcano and extend to the sea. Eruptions occur both from persistently active summit craters and intermittently from flank fissures and cones.
Etna is Europe's highest volcano, towering above the city of Taormina on its NE flank. One of the world's longest documented historical records continues, dating back to the 2nd millennium BCE. Historical lava flows cover much of the surface of this 40 x 60 km wide basaltic stratovolcano and extend to the sea. Eruptions occur both from persistently active summit craters and intermittently from flank fissures and cones. · Foto: Photo by Jean-Claude Tanguy, 1991 (University of Paris). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Stratovolkan
Negara
Italy
Wilayah
European Volcanic Regions / Sicily Volcanic Province
Ketinggian
3357 m
Koordinat
37.748, 14.999
Letusan terakhir
2026
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Composite
Batuan utama
Trachybasalt / Tephrite Basanite
Ringkasan geologi

Mount Etna, towering above Catania on the island of Sicily, has one of the world's longest documented records of volcanism, dating back to 1500 BCE. Historical lava flows of basaltic composition cover much of the surface of this massive volcano, whose edifice is the highest and most voluminous in Italy. The Mongibello stratovolcano, truncated by several small calderas, was constructed during the late Pleistocene and Holocene over an older shield volcano. The most prominent morphological feature of Etna is the Valle del Bove, a 5 x 10 km caldera open to the east. Two styles of eruptive activity typically occur, sometimes simultaneously. Persistent explosive eruptions, sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more summit craters. Flank vents, typically with higher effusion rates, are less frequently active and originate from fissures that open progressively downward from near the summit (usually accompanied by Strombolian eruptions at the upper end). Cinder cones are commonly constructed over the vents of lower-flank lava flows. Lava flows extend to the foot of the volcano on all sides and have reached the sea over a broad area on the SE flank.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Gunung Etna adalah gunung berapi aktif di pesisir timur Sisilia, dekat Messina dan Catania, Italia. Gunung ini memiliki ketinggian sekitar 3.320 Mdpl. Tingginya tiga kali lebih besar dari pesaing terdekatnya, Vesuvius sehingga membuatnya menjadi gunung tertinggi di Italia di selatan Alpen.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
6190 BCE~5916 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?5369 BCE~5095 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?4274 BCE~4000 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?3726 BCE~3453 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?3453 BCE~3179 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?3179 BCE~2905 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?2358 BCE~2084 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?2084 BCE~1810 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?1537 BCE~1263 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 51263 BCE~989 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?989 BCE~715 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?715 BCE~442 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?442 BCE~168 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?168 BCE~106 · 15 letusan · VEI maks. 5106~380 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 3380~653 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?653~927 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. ?927~1201 · 8 letusan · VEI maks. 21201~1475 · 11 letusan · VEI maks. 31475~1748 · 29 letusan · VEI maks. 31748~2022 · 83 letusan · VEI maks. 46190 BCE4274 BCE2084 BCE168 BCE1748

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2022VEI 2Teramati
    2022-11-27 – 2026-01-12
    Southeast Crater
  2. 2013VEI 3Teramati
    2013-09-03 – 2022-06-17
    New Southeast Crater (NSEC)
  3. 2010VEI 1Teramati
    2010-04-08 – 2010-04-08
    SEC (South-East Crater)
  4. 2010VEI 3Teramati
    2010-08-25 – 2013-04-27
    Bocca Nuova (BN)
  5. 2007VEI 2Teramati
    2007-03-19 – 2009-07-04
    Bocca Nuova, SE Crater and flank vents
  6. 2006VEI 2Teramati
    2006-07-14 – 2006-12-15
    SE Crater & flank vents; NE Crater
  7. 2005VEI 1Teramati
    2005-12-16 – 2005-12-22
    Bocca Nuova
  8. 2004VEI 1Teramati
    2004-02-12 – 2004-02-14
    Central Crater
  9. 2004VEI 1Teramati
    2004-09-07 – 2005-03-08
    SE Crater, SE flank (3000-2320 m)
  10. 2001VEI 1Teramati
    2001-12-16 – 2003-11-09
    Central Crater, NE Crater
  11. 1994VEI 3Teramati
    1994-06-17 – 2001-08-09
    Central Crater, NE Crater, SE Crater
  12. 1993VEI 1Teramati
    1993-08-03 – 1993-10-13
    Central Crater, NE Crater
  13. 1979VEI 2Teramati
    1979-07-03 – 1993-03-30
    Central Crater
  14. 1971VEI 2Teramati
    1971-09-19 – 1979-03-16
    Central Crater
  15. 1966VEI 2Teramati
    1966-01-10 – 1971-06-12
    NE Crater, Central Crater
  16. 1959VEI 1Teramati
    1959-03-23 – 1959-04-25
    Central Crater
  17. 1959VEI 3Teramati
    1959-10-17 – 1964-12-31
    Central and NE Craters, NNE (3100 m)
  18. 1958VEI 1Teramati
    1958-11-16 – 1958-12-16
    NE Crater, Central Crater
  19. 1957VEI 2Teramati
    1957-02-05 – 1957-05-07
    NE Crater
  20. 1957VEI 2Teramati
    1957-08-25 – 1958-05-03
    NE Crater
  21. 1955VEI 2Teramati
    1955-04-05 – 1956-04-07
    NE Crater, Central Crater
  22. 1953VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1953-07-30 – Berlangsung
  23. 1949VEI 2Teramati
    1949-12-02 – 1952-05-30
    Central Crater and NW flank (2420-1900 m)
  24. 1947VEI 3Teramati
    1947-01-29 – 1947-03-10
    NE Crater, Central Crater
  25. 1946VEI 1Teramati
    1946-02 – 1946-10
    NE Crater
  26. 1945VEI 1Teramati
    1945-06-05 – 1945-10
    NE Crater
  27. 1941VEI 2Teramati
    1941-10 – 1944-04-26
    Central Crater, NE Crater
  28. 1935VEI 3Teramati
    1935-07-07 – 1941-01-27
    Central Crater, NE Crater
  29. 1934VEI 1Teramati
    1934-01-05 – 1934-03
    NE Crater
  30. 1931VEI 2Teramati
    1931-07-26 – 1933-09
    Central Crater, NE Crater
  31. 1930VEI 1Teramati
    1930-11-01 – Berlangsung
    NE Crater
  32. 1929VEI 1Teramati
    1929-08-02 – Berlangsung
    NE Crater
  33. 1928VEI 1Teramati
    1928-07-31 – 1928-11-20
    Central Crater
  34. 1926VEI 1Teramati
    1926-01-02 – 1926-06
    NE Crater
  35. 1919VEI 2Teramati
    1919-03-15 – 1925-02
    Central Crater, NE Crater
  36. 1918VEI 2Teramati
    1918-03 – 1918-12-01
    NE Crater, Central Crater
  37. 1917VEI 2Teramati
    1917-06-24 – 1917-07-05
    NE Crater, Central Crater
  38. 1913VEI 2Teramati
    1913-11-13 – 1917-03
    Central Crater, NE Crater
  39. 1912VEI 3Teramati
    1912-08-04 – 1912-08
    Central Crater
  40. 1911VEI 2Teramati
    1911-08 – 1911-09-26
    Central Crater, NE Crater?
  41. 1910VEI 1Teramati
    1910-02-21 – 1910-04-18
    Central Crater
  42. 1910VEI 2Teramati
    1910-12-27 – 1911-02-17
    Central Crater
  43. 1908VEI 2Teramati
    1908-04-29 – 1909-09-28
    SE flank (Valle del Bove 2800-2275 m)
  44. 1899VEI 3Teramati
    1899-07-19 – 1899-08-05
    Central Crater
  45. 1899VEI 2Teramati
    1899-11-15 – 1907-08
  46. 1893VEI 1Teramati
    1893-04-26 – 1898-06
    Central Crater
  47. 1892VEI 2Teramati
    1892-06-20 – 1892-12-29
    Central Crater
  48. 1891VEI 2Teramati
    1891-02-20 – 1891-12
    Central Crater
  49. 1890VEI 2Teramati
    1890-05 – 1890-10-17
    Central Crater
  50. 1888VEI 2Teramati
    1888-04-13 – 1889-08
    Central Crater
  51. 1887VEI 1Teramati
    1887-05-31 – 1887-08
    Central Crater
  52. 1884VEI 1Teramati
    1884 – 1886-06-07
    Central Crater
  53. 1878VEI 2Teramati
    1878-12-23 – 1883-03-31
    Central Crater
  54. 1874VEI 2Teramati
    1874-05 – Berlangsung
    Central Crater
  55. 1874VEI 2Teramati
    1874-08-29 – 1874-08-31
    North flank (2520-2110 m), Central Crater
  56. 1869VEI 0Teramati
    1869-09-26 – 1869-09-26
    East flank (W wall of Valle del Bove)
  57. 1868VEI 3Teramati
    1868-11-26 – 1868-12-08
    Central Crater
  58. 1865VEI 2Teramati
    1865-01-30 – 1865-06-28
    NE flank (1865-1690 m, Mt. Sartorius)
  59. 1864VEI 2Teramati
    1864-08-05 – 1864-09-19
    Central Crater
  60. 1863VEI 3Teramati
    1863-05-01 – 1863-07-25
    Central Crater
  61. 1857VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1857-09-06 – Berlangsung
    Central Crater
  62. 1852VEI 2Teramati
    1852-08-20 – 1853-05-27
    East (Valle del Bove 1950-1700 m)
  63. 1843VEI 2Teramati
    1843-11-17 – 1843-12-16
    West flank (2400-1900 m), Central Crater
  64. 1842VEI 2Teramati
    1842-11-18 – 1842-12-29
    Central Crater (south & east slopes)
  65. 1838VEI 2Teramati
    1838-07-08 – 1839-02
    Central Crater
  66. 1832VEI 2Teramati
    1832-10-31 – 1832-11-22
    SSE, W flanks (3000-1700? m), Mt. Nunziata
  67. 1820VEI 2Teramati
    1820-12 – 1833
    Central Crater
  68. 1819VEI 2Teramati
    1819-05-27 – 1819-08-05
    Valle del Bove 2850-2375 m, Central Crater
  69. 1816VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1816-03-06 – Berlangsung
    Offshore from Aci-Castello
  70. 1811VEI 2Teramati
    1811-10-27 – 1812-05
    East (Valle del Bove 3000-1975 m)
  71. 1809VEI 2Teramati
    1809-03-27 – 1809-04-09
    Central Crater, N & NE flanks (3000-1325 m)
  72. 1803VEI 2Teramati
    1803-01-01 – 1819
    Central Crater
  73. 1802VEI 2Teramati
    1802-11-15 – 1802-11-18
    Central Crater, E flank (1950-1700 m)
  74. 1793VEI 3Teramati
    1793 – 1802
    Central Crater
  75. 1792VEI 2Teramati
    1792-03 – 1793-05-26
    Central Crater, west slope
  76. 1791VEI 2Teramati
    1791-02 – 1791-09
    Central Crater
  77. 1787VEI 4Teramati
    1787-06-04 – 1787-08-11
    Central Crater
  78. 1781VEI 2Teramati
    1781-03 – 1781-05-10
    Central Crater
  79. 1780VEI 2Teramati
    1780-04-20 – 1780-07
    Summit, S & SSW flanks (2360-1850 m)
  80. 1776VEI ?Teramati
    1776 – Berlangsung
    Central Crater
  81. 1770VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1770-05-28 – Berlangsung
    Central Crater
  82. 1767VEI ?Teramati
    1767-05-02 – Berlangsung
    Central Crater
  83. 1766VEI 2Teramati
    1766-04-27 – 1766-11-06
    South flank (2100-1950 m, M. Calcarazzi)
  84. 1732VEI 2Teramati
    1732-12-09 – 1765
    Central Crater
  85. 1727VEI 2Teramati
    1727-11-22 – 1728-05-10
    Central Crater (SW slope)
  86. 1723VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1723-11-22 – 1724-05
  87. 1702VEI 1Teramati
    1702-03-08 – 1702-05-08
    East flank (Valle del Bove, 2075-1875 m)
  88. 1693VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1693-01-09 – Berlangsung
  89. 1693VEI 3Teramati
    1693-12 – 1694-11
    Central Crater
  90. 1689VEI 1Teramati
    1689-03-14 – Berlangsung
    East flank (Valle del Bove, 2300 m?)
  91. 1688VEI 1Teramati
    1688 – Berlangsung
    East slope of Central Crater
  92. 1682VEI 2Teramati
    1682-09-01 – 1682-10
    East flank (Valle del Bove, 2900 m)
  93. 1669VEI 3Teramati
    1669-03-11 – 1669-07-11
    S flank (950-625 m, Monti Rossi)
  94. 1654VEI 1Teramati
    1654-01-01 – 1656
    Central Crater
  95. 1651VEI 1Teramati
    1651-01-17 – 1653-07
    West (2600-1770 m), east (1875-1815 m)
  96. 1646VEI 2Teramati
    1646-11-20 – 1647-01-17
    NNE (2000 m, 1800 m), Mt. Nero
  97. 1643VEI 1Teramati
    1643-02-20 – 1643-02-28
    N flank (2100-1275 m), Monte Pomiciaro
  98. 1634VEI 1Teramati
    1634-12-19 – 1638-04-27
    SE (2100-1950 m), Little Mt. Pecorara
  99. 1633VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1633-02-21 – Berlangsung
    Central Crater
  100. 1614VEI 2Teramati
    1614-07-01 – 1624
    NNE flank (2800-2400 m), Monti Deserti
  101. 1610VEI 2Teramati
    1610-02-06 – 1610-08-15
    SW flank (2500-1700 m)
  102. 1607VEI 2Teramati
    1607-06-28 – 1608
    SW flank (2250-1950 m)?
  103. 1603VEI 2Teramati
    1603-07 – 1610
    Central Crater (SW and S slope)
  104. 1579VEI ?Teramati
    1579-09-09 – 1580
    SE flank
  105. 1578VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1578 – Berlangsung
  106. 1566VEI 2Teramati
    1566-11-01 – 1566-12
    NE flank
  107. 1554VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1554 – Berlangsung
  108. 1541VEI 2Teramati
    1541-07 – Berlangsung
  109. 1540VEI 1Teramati
    1540-07 – Berlangsung
  110. 1537VEI 2Teramati
    1537-03 – 1537-07
    Summit, south flank (1800-1500 m)
  111. 1536VEI 3Teramati
    1536-03-22 – 1536-12
    Summit, S, N & W flanks (1400-2500 m)
  112. 1493VEI 1Teramati
    1493 – 1500
  113. 1447VEI 1Teramati
    1447-09-21 – Berlangsung
  114. 1446VEI 1Teramati
    1446-09-25 – Berlangsung
    East (Valle del Bove, 1630 or 1825 m)
  115. 1444VEI 2Teramati
    1444 – Berlangsung
    South (N of Mt. Arso and 950 m)
  116. 1408VEI 3Teramati
    1408-11-08 – 1408-11-25
    Summit, south flank (M. Piniteddu)
  117. 1381VEI 2Teramati
    1381-08-05 – Berlangsung
    SSE (370 m), Mts. Pomiciari, Arsi?
  118. 1350VEI 2Teramati
    1350 – Berlangsung
  119. 1333VEI 2Teramati
    1333 – Berlangsung
  120. 1329VEI 3Teramati
    1329-06-28 – 1329-08-04
    SE flank
  121. 1284VEI ?Teramati
    1284 – 1285-01
    East flank (Valle del Bove)
  122. 1250VEI 2Teramati
    1250 – Berlangsung
  123. 1224VEI ?Teramati
    1224-08 – Berlangsung
    SE flank
  124. 1194VEI 2Teramati
    1194 – Berlangsung
  125. 1169VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1169-02-04 – Berlangsung
  126. 1164VEI 2Teramati
    1164 – Berlangsung
  127. 1160VEI 2Teramati
    1160 – Berlangsung
  128. 1157VEI 2Teramati
    1157 – Berlangsung
  129. 1063 (±1 tahun)VEI ?Teramati
    1063 – Berlangsung
    WSW flank (1500 m) ?
  130. 1044VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1044 – Berlangsung
  131. 1004VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1004 – Berlangsung
  132. 911VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    911 – Berlangsung
  133. 859VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    859 – Berlangsung
  134. 814VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    814 – Berlangsung
  135. 812VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    812 – Berlangsung
    South flank (1200 m, S of Mt. Sona)
  136. 644VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    644 – Berlangsung
  137. 417VEI ?Teramati
    417 – Berlangsung
  138. 252VEI 3Teramati
    252-02-01 – 252-02-09
    South flank (Monpeloso)
  139. 100 (±100 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    100 – Berlangsung
  140. 80VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    80 – Berlangsung
  141. 39 (±1 tahun)VEI ?Teramati
    39 – Berlangsung
  142. 10VEI ?Teramati
    10 – 20
  143. 10 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 10 – Berlangsung
  144. 32 SMVEI ?Teramati
    BCE 32-12-31 – Berlangsung
  145. 36 SMVEI ?Teramati
    BCE 36-07-15 – BCE 35
    East side ?
  146. 44 SMVEI 3Teramati
    BCE 44-03 – Berlangsung
  147. 49 SMVEI ?Teramati
    BCE 49 – Berlangsung
    West flank and summit ?
  148. 56 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 56 – Berlangsung
  149. 61 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 61 – Berlangsung
  150. 122 SMVEI 5Teramati
    BCE 122 – Berlangsung
    S flank, summit (Cratere del Piano caldera)
  151. 126 SMVEI ?Teramati
    BCE 126-06 – Berlangsung
  152. 135 SMVEI ?Teramati
    BCE 135 – Berlangsung
  153. 141 SMVEI ?Teramati
    BCE 141-12-31 – Berlangsung
  154. 396 SMVEI ?Teramati
    BCE 396-04-15 – Berlangsung
    SE flank (700 m, Monte Gorna)
  155. 425 SMVEI ?Teramati
    BCE 425-03-15 – BCE 424
    South flank (Monte Arso)
  156. 479 SMVEI ?Teramati
    BCE 479-08 – BCE 475
    South flank ?
  157. 565 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 565 – Berlangsung
  158. 695 SM (±2 tahun)VEI ?Teramati
    BCE 695 – Berlangsung
    South ?, Mt. Mompilieri ?
  159. 735 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 735 – Berlangsung
  160. 1050 SM (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1050 – Berlangsung
    South flank (Monte Salto del Cane)
  161. 1420 SM (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1420 – Berlangsung
  162. 1500 SM (±50 tahun)VEI 5Teramati
    BCE 1500 – Berlangsung
  163. 1980 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1980 – Berlangsung
  164. 2330 SM (±100 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2330 – Berlangsung
  165. 3050 SM (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3050 – Berlangsung
  166. 3390 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3390 – Berlangsung
  167. 3510 SM (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3510 – Berlangsung
  168. 4150 SM (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4150 – Berlangsung
  169. 5150 SM (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5150 – Berlangsung
  170. 6190 SM (±200 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6190 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

⚠ Untuk referensi saja. Bukan untuk tanggap darurat.