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Ol Doinyo Lengai

Lengai, Ol Doinyo

Stratovolkan · Tanzania · 2962 m

A herd of wildebeest graze in the foreground during an explosive eruption from Tanzania's Ol Doinyo Lengai in 1966. Explosive activity began in August 1966, near the end of an eruption that began in 1960 and consisted of quiet emission of lava flows in the summit crater. Ash deposits from previous eruptions whiten the volcano's slopes. This is the only volcano known to have erupted carbonatite in historical time.
A herd of wildebeest graze in the foreground during an explosive eruption from Tanzania's Ol Doinyo Lengai in 1966. Explosive activity began in August 1966, near the end of an eruption that began in 1960 and consisted of quiet emission of lava flows in the summit crater. Ash deposits from previous eruptions whiten the volcano's slopes. This is the only volcano known to have erupted carbonatite in historical time. · Foto: Photo by Gordon Davies, 1966 (courtesy of Celia Nyamweru, Kenyatta University). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Stratovolkan
Negara
Tanzania
Wilayah
Eastern Africa Volcanic Regions / Kenyan Rift Volcanic Province
Ketinggian
2962 m
Koordinat
-2.764, 35.914
Letusan terakhir
2026
Kondisi tektonik
Rift zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Composite
Batuan utama
Foidite
Ringkasan geologi

The symmetrical Ol Doinyo Lengai is the only volcano known to have erupted carbonatite tephras and lavas in historical time. The prominent stratovolcano, known to the Maasai as "The Mountain of God," rises abruptly above the broad plain south of Lake Natron in the Gregory Rift Valley. The cone-building stage ended about 15,000 years ago and was followed by periodic ejection of natrocarbonatitic and nephelinite tephra during the Holocene. Historical eruptions have consisted of smaller tephra ejections and emission of numerous natrocarbonatitic lava flows on the floor of the summit crater and occasionally down the upper flanks. The depth and morphology of the northern crater have changed dramatically during the course of historical eruptions, ranging from steep crater walls about 200 m deep in the mid-20th century to shallow platforms mostly filling the crater. Long-term lava effusion in the summit crater beginning in 1983 had by the turn of the century mostly filled the northern crater; by late 1998 lava had begun overflowing the crater rim.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Ol Doinyo Lengai, "Gunung Tuhan" dalam bahasa Maasai, adalah gunung berapi aktif yang terletak di Gregory Rift, sebelah selatan Danau Natron, di Region Arusha, Tanzania, Afrika. Gunung ini merupakan bagian dari sistem vulkanik Retakan Afrika Timur. Gunung ini kemungkinan adalah satu-satunya gunung berapi di Bumi dengan lava karbonat berjenis natrokarbonat yang diketahui sejauh ini. Letusan gunung ini pada tahun 1960 memicu diadakannya penyelidikan geologi intensif yang akhirnya mengkonfirmasi bahwa batuan karbonatit yang dihasilkan berasal dari magma gunung ini.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
1550 BCE~1352 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?163 BCE~35 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?630~828 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?1224~1423 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?1819~2017 · 23 letusan · VEI maks. 31550 BCE757 BCE23410261819

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2017VEI 0Teramati
    2017-04-09 – 2026-03-31
    North Crater
  2. 2016VEI 0Teramati
    2016-09-21 – 2016-10-13
    North Crater
  3. 2015VEI 0Teramati
    2015-06-20 – 2015-08-24
    North Crater
  4. 2011VEI 0Teramati
    2011-06-22 – 2014-07-15
    North Crater
  5. 2007VEI 3Teramati
    2007-06-16 – 2010-10-09
    North Crater
  6. 1994VEI 1Teramati
    1994-09-18 – 2006-07-16
    North Crater
  7. 1983VEI 2Teramati
    1983-01-01 – 1993-09-24
    North Crater
  8. 1969VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1969-07-16 – Berlangsung
  9. 1967VEI 3Teramati
    1967-07-08 – 1967-09-04
    North Crater
  10. 1960VEI 3Teramati
    1960-03-16 – 1966-11-28
    North Crater
  11. 1958VEI 1Teramati
    1958-02-06 – Berlangsung
    North Crater
  12. 1955VEI 2Teramati
    1955-01-19 – 1955-01-20
    North Crater
  13. 1954VEI 2Teramati
    1954-07-26 – 1954-09-16
    North Crater
  14. 1940VEI 3Teramati
    1940-07-24 – 1941-02
    North Crater
  15. 1926VEI 2Teramati
    1926 – Berlangsung
    North Crater
  16. 1921VEI 2Teramati
    1921-02 – Berlangsung
    North Crater
  17. 1916VEI 3Teramati
    1916-12-01 – 1917-06
    North Crater
  18. 1914VEI 0Teramati
    1914-08-15 – 1915
    North Crater
  19. 1913VEI 0Teramati
    1913 – Berlangsung
  20. 1907 (±3 tahun)VEI 0Teramati
    1907 – 1910-08-04
    North Crater
  21. 1904VEI 0Teramati
    1904 – Berlangsung
    North Crater
  22. 1882VEI 2Teramati
    1882 – 1883
    North Crater
  23. 1880VEI 2Teramati
    1880-12 – Berlangsung
    North Crater
  24. 1350VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1350 – Berlangsung
  25. 700VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    700 – Berlangsung
  26. 50 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 50 – Berlangsung
  27. 1550 SM (±1500 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1550 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

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