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Marion Island

Gunung api perisai · South Africa · 1230 m

Marion Island, South Africa's only historically active volcano, is seen from the NE with the meteorological station in the foreground. The red scoria cone is the lowest of a NE-trending chain of cones extending from the near the summit of the shield volcano. The meteorological station sits on Pleistocene lava flows. The island includes about 150 scoria cones and coastal tuff cones, most of which formed during the Holocene. The first historical eruption took place in 1980.
Marion Island, South Africa's only historically active volcano, is seen from the NE with the meteorological station in the foreground. The red scoria cone is the lowest of a NE-trending chain of cones extending from the near the summit of the shield volcano. The meteorological station sits on Pleistocene lava flows. The island includes about 150 scoria cones and coastal tuff cones, most of which formed during the Holocene. The first historical eruption took place in 1980. · Foto: Photo by Ian Meiklejohn (University of Pretoria). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Gunung api perisai
Negara
South Africa
Wilayah
Somalian-Antarctic Volcanic Regions / Marion Hotspot Volcano Group
Ketinggian
1230 m
Koordinat
-46.900, 37.750
Letusan terakhir
2004
Kondisi tektonik
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Shield
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

Marion Island lies at the SW end of a submarine plateau immediately south of the SW Indian Ocean Ridge, opposite Prince Edward Island. The low profile of the 24-km-wide dominantly basaltic and trachybasaltic volcano is formed by two young shields that rise above a flat-topped submarine platform. The island includes about 150 cinder cones, smaller scoria cones, and coastal tuff cones. The earliest dated eruptions took place about 450,000 years ago, but much of the island is covered by Holocene aa and pahoehoe lava flows, and more than 130 scoria cones formed during the Holocene. Many of these appear younger than the 4,020 BP peat layer overlying one of the flows (Verwoerd, 1981). Unvegetated lava flows appear to be only a few hundred years old (Verwoerd, 1967). An eruption in 1980 produced explosive activity and lava flows from a 5-km-long fissure that extended from the summit to the west coast.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Ringkasan Inggris

The Prince Edward Islands are two small uninhabited subantarctic volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean that are administered by South Africa. They are named Marion Island and Prince Edward Island.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
1980~1982 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 12002~2004 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 119801985199219972002

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2004VEI 1Teramati
    2004-06-24 – 2004-06-24
    South side of island
  2. 1980VEI 1Teramati
    1980-09-16 – Berlangsung
    E-W fissure from summit to W coast

Tautan eksternal

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