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Whakaari/White Island

Stratovolkan · New Zealand · 294 m

Steam rises from the crater of White Island (also called Whakaari), one of the most active volcanoes of New Zealand. The small, uninhabited 2 x 2.4-km-wide island lies 50 km NE of the North Island. Frequent small-to-moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded since 1826, and Maori legends record earlier eruptions. This view from the SE shows the two overlapping 0.4 x 1.2 km wide craters at the summit of the largely submerged volcano.
Steam rises from the crater of White Island (also called Whakaari), one of the most active volcanoes of New Zealand. The small, uninhabited 2 x 2.4-km-wide island lies 50 km NE of the North Island. Frequent small-to-moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded since 1826, and Maori legends record earlier eruptions. This view from the SE shows the two overlapping 0.4 x 1.2 km wide craters at the summit of the largely submerged volcano. · Foto: Copyrighted photo by Stephen O'Meara. · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Stratovolkan
Negara
New Zealand
Wilayah
Tonga-Kermadec Volcanic Regions / Taupo Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
294 m
Koordinat
-37.520, 177.180
Letusan terakhir
2026
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Composite
Batuan utama
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Ringkasan geologi

The uninhabited Whakaari/White Island is the 2 x 2.4 km emergent summit of a 16 x 18 km submarine volcano in the Bay of Plenty about 50 km offshore of North Island. The island consists of two overlapping andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcanoes. The SE side of the crater is open at sea level, with the recent activity centered about 1 km from the shore close to the rear crater wall. Volckner Rocks, sea stacks that are remnants of a lava dome, lie 5 km NW. Descriptions of volcanism since 1826 have included intermittent moderate phreatic, phreatomagmatic, and Strombolian eruptions; activity there also forms a prominent part of Maori legends. The formation of many new vents during the 19th and 20th centuries caused rapid changes in crater floor topography. Collapse of the crater wall in 1914 produced a debris avalanche that buried buildings and workers at a sulfur-mining project. Explosive activity in December 2019 took place while tourists were present, resulting in many fatalities. The official government name Whakaari/White Island is a combination of the full Maori name of Te Puia o Whakaari ("The Dramatic Volcano") and White Island (referencing the constant steam plume) given by Captain James Cook in 1769.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Whakaari/White Island adalah Gunung berapi kerucut andesit aktif, terletak 48 km dari pantai timur Pulau Utara, Selandia Baru, di Teluk Plenty. Pulau ini adalah gunung berapi kerucut paling aktif di Selandia Baru, dan telah dibangun oleh aktivitas vulkanik berkelanjutan selama 150.000 tahun terakhir. Kota daratan terdekat adalah Whakatane dan Tauranga. Pulau ini telah dalam tahap hampir terus menerus melepaskan gas vulkanik setidaknya sejak itu terlihat oleh James Cook pada tahun 1769.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
1826~1846 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 21846~1866 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 21866~1886 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 21886~1906 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 21906~1926 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. 21926~1946 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. 31946~1966 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 31966~1986 · 9 letusan · VEI maks. 31986~2006 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 32006~2026 · 7 letusan · VEI maks. 218261866192619662006

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2026VEI ?Teramati
    2026-03-10 – 2026-03-24
  2. 2025VEI ?Teramati
    2025-08-28 – 2025-08-28
  3. 2024VEI 1Teramati
    2024-05-24 – 2025-05-13
  4. 2019VEI 2Teramati
    2019-12-09 – 2019-12-09
    1978/90 Crater Complex
  5. 2016VEI 1Teramati
    2016-09-13 – 2016-09-14
    2012 lava dome
  6. 2016VEI 1Teramati
    2016-04-27 – 2016-04-27
    1978/90 Crater Complex
  7. 2012VEI 2Teramati
    2012-08-07 – 2013-10-11
    1978/90 Crater Complex
  8. 2001VEI 2Teramati
    2001-02-19 – 2001-02-19
    MH vent
  9. 2000VEI 3Teramati
    2000-03-07 – 2000-09-05
    MH vent
  10. 1998VEI 1Teramati
    1998-03-28 – 1998-03-29
  11. 1998VEI 2Teramati
    1998-08-22 – 1999-08-16
    NW corner of 1978/90 crater complex
  12. 1995VEI 1Teramati
    1995-06-28 – 1995-06-29
    Wade Crater
  13. 1986VEI 3Teramati
    1986-02-01 – 1994-07-28
    Congress and numerous other craters
  14. 1983VEI 2Teramati
    1983-12-26 – 1984-02-12
    North margin of 1978 crater complex
  15. 1976VEI 3Teramati
    1976-12-18 – 1982-01-29
    Christmas, Gibrus, and 1978 craters
  16. 1974VEI 2Teramati
    1974-09-08 – Berlangsung
    SE of Donald Mound,
  17. 1971VEI 2Teramati
    1971-04-09 – Berlangsung
    Noisy Nellie Crater
  18. 1971VEI 2Teramati
    1971-07-19 – 1971-07-20
    South of Rudolf (1971 crater)
  19. 1970VEI 2Teramati
    1970-06-30 – Berlangsung
    Rudolf vent
  20. 1969VEI 2Teramati
    1969-08-16 – 1969-09-16
    Rudolf vent
  21. 1968VEI 3Teramati
    1968-01-27 – 1969-02-16
    Rudolf vent (back wall of 1933 crater)
  22. 1966VEI 3Teramati
    1966-11-13 – 1967-03-16
    Gilliver Crater
  23. 1962VEI 3Teramati
    1962-12-15 – Berlangsung
    Big John Crater
  24. 1959VEI 2Teramati
    1959-12-14 – 1959-12-20
    Noisy Nellie Crater
  25. 1958VEI 1Teramati
    1958-12-16 – Berlangsung
    Noisy Nellie and 1933 craters
  26. 1957VEI 2Teramati
    1957-12-11 – Berlangsung
  27. 1955VEI 2Teramati
    1955-01-16 – Berlangsung
  28. 1947VEI 2Teramati
    1947-01 – Berlangsung
    Noisy Nellie Crater
  29. 1933VEI 3Teramati
    1933-04-02 – Berlangsung
    Foot of crater ridge (1933 crater)
  30. 1930VEI 2Teramati
    1930-03-16 – Berlangsung
  31. 1928VEI 1Teramati
    1928-09-01 – 1928-09-03
    Between Big Donald and Lot's Wife
  32. 1926VEI 2Teramati
    1926-02-03 – Berlangsung
    Little Donald vent
  33. 1924VEI 2Teramati
    1924 – Berlangsung
    North end of crater (Schuberts Fairy?)
  34. 1922VEI 2Teramati
    1922 – Berlangsung
    NW end of crater (Lot's Wife vent)
  35. 1909VEI 2Teramati
    1909-05-13 – Berlangsung
  36. 1908VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1908-11-28 – 1908-12-06
  37. 1886VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1886-06-10 – 1886-06-15
  38. 1886VEI 2Teramati
    1886-09-16 – 1886-12
  39. 1885VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1885-01 – Berlangsung
  40. 1885VEI 2Teramati
    1885-10 – Berlangsung
    West end of crater
  41. 1856 (±8 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1856 – Berlangsung
  42. 1836 (±2 tahun)VEI 2Teramati
    1836 – Berlangsung
  43. 1826VEI 2Teramati
    1826-12-01 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

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