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Ōkataina Caldera

Okataina

Kubah lava · New Zealand · 1111 m

This large fissure produced during a major explosive eruption at Tarawera in 1886 is one of the youngest eruption features of the Okataina Volcanic Centre. Okataina is surrounded by extensive ignimbrite and pyroclastic deposits produced during caldera-forming eruptions. The subparallel NE-SW-trending Haroharo and Tarawera complexes consist of rhyolitic lava domes and associated lava flows that formed between about 15,000 and 800 years ago and impounded lakes against the margins of the Okataina ring structure.
This large fissure produced during a major explosive eruption at Tarawera in 1886 is one of the youngest eruption features of the Okataina Volcanic Centre. Okataina is surrounded by extensive ignimbrite and pyroclastic deposits produced during caldera-forming eruptions. The subparallel NE-SW-trending Haroharo and Tarawera complexes consist of rhyolitic lava domes and associated lava flows that formed between about 15,000 and 800 years ago and impounded lakes against the margins of the Okataina ring structure. · Foto: Photo by Richard Waitt, 1986 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Kubah lava
Negara
New Zealand
Wilayah
Tonga-Kermadec Volcanic Regions / Taupo Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
1111 m
Koordinat
-38.157, 176.507
Letusan terakhir
1981
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Cluster
Batuan utama
Rhyolite
Ringkasan geologi

The massive, dominantly rhyolitic Okataina Volcanic Centre (OVC) is surrounded by extensive ignimbrite and pyroclastic sheets produced during multiple caldera-forming eruptions. Numerous lava domes and craters erupted from two subparallel NE-SW-trending vent lineations form the Haroharo and Tarawera volcanic complexes. Lava domes of the Haroharo complex, at the northern end of the OVC, occupy part of the 16 x 26 km Pleistocene Haroharo caldera, which formed incrementally between 300,000 and 50,000 years before present (BP). The oldest exposed rocks on the caldera floor are about 22,000 years old. The Tarawera complex at the southern end of OVC consists of 11 rhyolitic lava domes and associated lava flows. The oldest domes were formed as late as about 15,000 years BP, and the youngest were formed in the Kaharoa eruption about 800 years BP. The NE-SW Tarawera vent lineation extends from the two dacitic cones of Maungaongaonga and Mangakakaramea on the SW to Mount Edgecumbe on the NE. Construction of the Haroharo and Tarawera complexes impounded lakes Rotoiti, Totoehu, Okataina, and Tarawera against the outer margins of the Okataina ring structure. A major hydrothermal area is located at Waimangu; the world-renowned Pink and White Terrace siliceous sinter deposits were destroyed during the major basaltic explosive eruption of 1886.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Ringkasan Inggris

Ōkataina Caldera is a volcanic caldera and its associated volcanoes located in Taupō Volcanic Zone of New Zealand's North Island. It has several actual or postulated sub calderas. The Ōkataina Caldera is just east of the smaller separate Rotorua Caldera and southwest of the much smaller Rotomā Embayment, which is usually regarded as an associated volcano. It shows high rates of explosive rhyolitic volcanism, although its last eruption was basaltic. The postulated Haroharo Caldera contained within it has sometimes been described in almost interchangeable terms with the Ōkataina Caldera or volcanic complex or centre and by other authors as a separate complex defined by gravitational and magnetic features. Since 2010 other terms such as the Haroharo vent alignment, Utu Caldera, Matahina Caldera, Rotoiti Caldera and a postulated Kawerau Caldera are often used, rather than a Haroharo Caldera classification.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
8050 BCE~7716 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?7716 BCE~7381 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 56378 BCE~6044 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 55709 BCE~5375 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 03703 BCE~3369 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 52031 BCE~1697 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 41363 BCE~1028 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?360 BCE~25 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 025 BCE~309 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?978~1312 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 51647~1981 · 21 letusan · VEI maks. 58050 BCE5709 BCE3034 BCE694 BCE1647

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 1981VEI 1Teramati
    1981-05-16 – 1981-05-16
    Waimangu (Raupo Pond crater)
  2. 1978VEI 1Teramati
    1978-02-23 – 1978-02-23
    Waimangu (Raupo Pond, Inferno Crater)
  3. 1973VEI 1Teramati
    1973-02-22 – 1973-02-22
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  4. 1951VEI 1Teramati
    1951-06-16 – Berlangsung
    Rotomahana
  5. 1926VEI 1Teramati
    1926-11-17 – 1926-11-18
    Rotomahana
  6. 1924VEI 1Teramati
    1924 – Berlangsung
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  7. 1918VEI 1Teramati
    1918 – 1920
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  8. 1917VEI 1Teramati
    1917-03-24 – 1917-04-04
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  9. 1915VEI 1Teramati
    1915-02-04 – 1915-04-13
    Waimangu (Echo Crater & NW of Fairy Crater)
  10. 1915VEI 1Teramati
    1915-11-05 – 1915-11-09
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  11. 1914VEI 1Teramati
    1914-01-28 – 1914-02
    Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
  12. 1913VEI 1Teramati
    1913-01-27 – 1913-01-27
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  13. 1912VEI 1Teramati
    1912-04 – Berlangsung
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  14. 1910VEI 1Teramati
    1910-07-24 – 1910-07-25
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  15. 1908VEI 1Teramati
    1908-10-01 – 1908-10-01
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  16. 1906VEI 1Teramati
    1906-02-21 – 1906-02-21
    Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
  17. 1905VEI 1Teramati
    1905-02-18 – 1905-02-23
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  18. 1905VEI 1Teramati
    1905-06-17 – 1905-06-17
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  19. 1900VEI 1Teramati
    1900-01 – 1904-11-01
    Waimangu Geyser
  20. 1896VEI 1Teramati
    1896 – Berlangsung
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  21. 1886VEI 5Teramati
    1886-06-10 – 1886-08
    Tarawera (Wahanga-Waimangu fissure)
  22. 1310 (±12 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    1310 – 1315
    Tarawera (Kaharoa eruption)
  23. 180VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    180 – Berlangsung
    Te Kopia thermal area
  24. 300 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 300 – Berlangsung
    Mt. Edgecumbe
  25. 1330 SM (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1330 – Berlangsung
    Mt. Edgecumbe
  26. 1750 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1750 – Berlangsung
    Haroharo (Rotokawau to Rotoatua)
  27. 3580 SM (±50 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3580 – Berlangsung
    Haroharo (Makatiti and other domes)
  28. 5550 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5550 – Berlangsung
    Mt. Edgecumbe
  29. 6060 SM (±50 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6060 – Berlangsung
    Haroharo (Te Horoa & other domes)
  30. 7560 SM (±18 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7560 – Berlangsung
    Rotoma caldera, Tuahu, Kawerau
  31. 8050 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 8050 – Berlangsung
    West Rerewhakaaitu fissures

Tautan eksternal

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