Lewati ke konten utama
← Kembali ke peta
⇄ Bandingkan

Gunung berapi Taupo

Taupo

Kaldera · New Zealand · 760 m

Lake Taupo fills a roughly 35-km-wide caldera that is the site of the most prolific rhyolitic volcano of the Taupo volcanic zone. The caldera was formed during two major explosive eruptions, the Oruanui eruption, roughly 22,600 years ago, and the Taupo eruption, about 1,800 years ago. The latter was one of the world's largest Holocene eruptions. Additional Plinian eruptions during the Holocene have produced widespread airfall pumice deposits.
Lake Taupo fills a roughly 35-km-wide caldera that is the site of the most prolific rhyolitic volcano of the Taupo volcanic zone. The caldera was formed during two major explosive eruptions, the Oruanui eruption, roughly 22,600 years ago, and the Taupo eruption, about 1,800 years ago. The latter was one of the world's largest Holocene eruptions. Additional Plinian eruptions during the Holocene have produced widespread airfall pumice deposits. · Foto: Photo by Richard Waitt, 1986 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Kaldera
Negara
New Zealand
Wilayah
Tonga-Kermadec Volcanic Regions / Taupo Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
760 m
Koordinat
-38.781, 175.893
Letusan terakhir
260
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Caldera
Batuan utama
Rhyolite
Ringkasan geologi

Taupo, the most active rhyolitic volcano of the Taupo volcanic zone, is a large, roughly 35-km-wide caldera with poorly defined margins. It is a type example of an "inverse volcano" that slopes inward towards the most recent vent location. The caldera, now filled by Lake Taupo, largely formed as a result of the voluminous eruption of the Oruanui Tephra about 22,600 years before present (BP). This was the largest known eruption at Taupo, producing about 1,170 km3 of tephra. This eruption was preceded during the late Pleistocene by the eruption of a large number of rhyolitic lava domes north of Lake Taupo. Large explosive eruptions have occurred frequently during the Holocene from many vents within Lake Taupo and near its margins. The most recent major eruption took place about 1,800 years BP from at least three vents along a NE-SW-trending fissure centered on the Horomotangi Reefs. This extremely violent eruption was New Zealand's largest during the Holocene and produced the thin but widespread phreatoplinian Taupo Ignimbrite, which covered 20,000 km2 of North Island.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Danau Taupo di tengah Pulau Utara Selandia Baru merupakan kaldera supervolcano riolitik besar yang disebut gunung berapi Taupo. Gunung berapi besar ini telah memicu dua letusan terbesar di dunia pada masa geologi terkini.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Baca artikel lengkap →

Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
9460 BCE~9136 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. 58164 BCE~7840 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 55248 BCE~4924 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 34924 BCE~4600 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 44276 BCE~3952 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 43628 BCE~3304 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 33304 BCE~2980 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. 42980 BCE~2656 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. 42656 BCE~2332 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 41684 BCE~1360 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 61360 BCE~1036 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 41036 BCE~712 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 4388 BCE~64 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 464 BCE~260 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 69460 BCE7192 BCE4600 BCE2332 BCE64 BCE

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 260VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    260 – Berlangsung
    East Lake Taupo (Horomatangi Reefs)
  2. 233 (±13 tahun)VEI 6Perkiraan geologi
    233-03-15 – Berlangsung
    Horomatangi Reefs area
  3. 200 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 200 – Berlangsung
    4 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  4. 800 SMVEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 800 – Berlangsung
    Ouaha Hills
  5. 1010 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1010 – Berlangsung
    4 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  6. 1050 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1050 – Berlangsung
    5 km NE of Motutaiko Island
  7. 1250 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1250 – Berlangsung
    4 km W of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  8. 1460 SM (±40 tahun)VEI 6Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1460 – Berlangsung
    Horomatangi Reefs?
  9. 2500 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2500 – Berlangsung
    3 km SW of Motutaiko Island
  10. 2600 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2600 – Berlangsung
    3 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  11. 2800 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2800 – Berlangsung
  12. 2850 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2850 – Berlangsung
    2 km S of Te Tuhi Point
  13. 2900 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2900 – Berlangsung
    5 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  14. 3070 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3070 – Berlangsung
    5 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  15. 3120 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3120 – Berlangsung
    2 km W of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  16. 3170 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3170 – Berlangsung
    4 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  17. 3420 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3420 – Berlangsung
  18. 4000 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4000 – Berlangsung
  19. 4100 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4100 – Berlangsung
    4 km WNW of Kohaiakahu Point
  20. 4700 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4700 – Berlangsung
    East-central Lake Taupo
  21. 5100 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5100 – Berlangsung
    SE Lake Taupo (Motutaiko Island) (Unit F)
  22. 8130 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 8130 – Berlangsung
    Central, E-central L. Taupo (Opepe)
  23. 9210 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 9210 – Berlangsung
    Acacia Bay lava dome
  24. 9240 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 9240 – Berlangsung
    4 km W of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  25. 9460 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 9460 – Berlangsung
    East-central Lake Taupo (Karapiti)

Tautan eksternal

⚠ Untuk referensi saja. Bukan untuk tanggap darurat.