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Gunung Merapi

Merapi

Stratovolkan · Indonesia · 2910 m

Merapi in central Java is capped by an unvegetated lava dome complex. The modern edifice of Merapi, to the left in this view, is constructed to the SE of the arcuate scarp on the right that was formed by destruction of the older Batulawang volcano. Periodic growth and collapse of lava domes produce pyroclastic flows (block-and-ash flows) and lahars that have devastated populated areas below the volcano.
Merapi in central Java is capped by an unvegetated lava dome complex. The modern edifice of Merapi, to the left in this view, is constructed to the SE of the arcuate scarp on the right that was formed by destruction of the older Batulawang volcano. Periodic growth and collapse of lava domes produce pyroclastic flows (block-and-ash flows) and lahars that have devastated populated areas below the volcano. · Foto: Photo by Yustinus Sulistiyo, 1994 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Stratovolkan
Negara
Indonesia
Wilayah
Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions / Sunda Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
2910 m
Koordinat
-7.540, 110.446
Letusan terakhir
2026
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Composite
Batuan utama
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Ringkasan geologi

Merapi, one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes, lies in one of the world's most densely populated areas and dominates the landscape immediately north of the major city of Yogyakarta. It is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. Growth of Old Merapi during the Pleistocene ended with major edifice collapse perhaps about 2,000 years ago, leaving a large arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Subsequent growth of the steep-sided Young Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent activity, began SW of the earlier collapse scarp. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Gunung Merapi adalah gunung berapi di bagian tengah Pulau Jawa dan merupakan salah satu gunung api teraktif di Indonesia. Lereng sisi selatan berada dalam administrasi Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dan sisanya berada dalam wilayah Provinsi Jawa Tengah, yaitu Kabupaten Magelang di sisi barat, Kabupaten Boyolali di sisi utara dan timur, serta Kabupaten Klaten di sisi tenggara. Kawasan hutan di sekitar puncaknya menjadi kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi sejak tahun 2004.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
8780 BCE~8420 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?7340 BCE~6980 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?4820 BCE~4460 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?3020 BCE~2660 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?1940 BCE~1580 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?1580 BCE~1220 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?1220 BCE~860 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 4860 BCE~500 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?500 BCE~140 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 3140 BCE~220 · 3 letusan · VEI maks. 4220~580 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. 3580~940 · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?940~1300 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 31300~1660 · 11 letusan · VEI maks. 31660~2020 · 74 letusan · VEI maks. 48780 BCE6260 BCE3380 BCE860 BCE1660

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2020VEI 1Teramati
    2020-12-31 – 2026-03-25
  2. 2018VEI 3Teramati
    2018-05-11 – 2020-06-21
    Summit crater
  3. 2014VEI 3Teramati
    2014-03-09 – 2014-04-20
    Summit crater
  4. 2013VEI 3Teramati
    2013-11-18 – 2013-11-18
    Summit crater
  5. 2013VEI 1Teramati
    2013-07-22 – 2013-07-22
    Summit crater
  6. 2011VEI 1Teramati
    2011-03-25 – 2011-09-08
    Summit crater
  7. 2010VEI 4Teramati
    2010-10-26 – 2010-11-29
    Summit crater
  8. 2008VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    2008-05-19 – Berlangsung
  9. 2006VEI 1Teramati
    2006-03-16 – 2007-08-09
  10. 1992VEI 2Teramati
    1992-01-20 – 2002-10-19
    NW of 1984 lava dome
  11. 1986VEI 2Teramati
    1986-10-10 – 1990-08-16
  12. 1972VEI 2Teramati
    1972-10-06 – 1985-03-16
  13. 1971VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1971-01-16 – 1971-07-26
  14. 1967VEI 2Teramati
    1967-01-12 – 1970-07-02
    Upper Batang breach (2600 m)
  15. 1961VEI 3Teramati
    1961-04-11 – 1961-11-28
  16. 1953VEI 2Teramati
    1953-03-02 – 1958-12-16
  17. 1948VEI 2Teramati
    1948-09-29 – 1948-12
  18. 1942VEI 2Teramati
    1942-05-30 – 1945-05
  19. 1939VEI 2Teramati
    1939-12-13 – 1940-09
  20. 1933VEI 2Teramati
    1933-10-01 – 1935-04
  21. 1932VEI 1Teramati
    1932-11 – Berlangsung
  22. 1930VEI 3Teramati
    1930-11-25 – 1931-09
  23. 1924VEI 1Teramati
    1924-09-10 – 1924-09-12
  24. 1923VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1923-09 – 1923-11
  25. 1922VEI 1Teramati
    1922-02-18 – 1922-08-08
  26. 1920VEI 2Teramati
    1920-07-25 – 1921-02
  27. 1918VEI 1Teramati
    1918-01 – Berlangsung
  28. 1915VEI 1Teramati
    1915-03-28 – 1915-05-15
  29. 1909VEI 1Teramati
    1909-02-01 – 1913-05
    West dome
  30. 1908VEI 1Teramati
    1908 – Berlangsung
  31. 1906VEI 2Teramati
    1906-01-26 – 1907-02-17
    Summit and upper east flank (2600 m)
  32. 1905VEI 2Teramati
    1905-01 – 1905-06-01
  33. 1902VEI 1Teramati
    1902-02-03 – 1902-02-03
  34. 1902VEI 2Teramati
    1902-12 – 1904-06-20
  35. 1897VEI 2Teramati
    1897 – Berlangsung
  36. 1894VEI 2Teramati
    1894-01-27 – 1894-02-02
  37. 1894VEI 1Teramati
    1894-10 – Berlangsung
  38. 1893VEI 1Teramati
    1893-10 – Berlangsung
  39. 1891VEI 2Teramati
    1891-08-25 – 1892
  40. 1889VEI 1Teramati
    1889-07 – Berlangsung
  41. 1888VEI 2Teramati
    1888-08-18 – 1888-12-20
  42. 1885VEI 1Teramati
    1885-02-24 – 1887
  43. 1883VEI 1Teramati
    1883-01 – 1884-11
    East dome
  44. 1878VEI 2Teramati
    1878 – 1879-06-20
  45. 1872VEI 4Teramati
    1872-04-15 – 1872-04-21
  46. 1872VEI 2Teramati
    1872-11-03 – 1873-01
  47. 1865VEI 2Teramati
    1865-10-24 – 1871-08
  48. 1862VEI 2Teramati
    1862-05-26 – 1864
  49. 1861VEI 2Teramati
    1861 – Berlangsung
  50. 1854VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1854-09 – Berlangsung
  51. 1849VEI 2Teramati
    1849-04-26 – 1849-04-26
  52. 1849VEI 3Teramati
    1849-09-14 – 1849-09-24
  53. 1848VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1848-01-08 – Berlangsung
  54. 1846VEI 2Teramati
    1846-04-06 – Berlangsung
  55. 1846VEI 3Teramati
    1846-09-02 – 1847-10
    Summit and upper SE flank (2600 m)
  56. 1840VEI 1Teramati
    1840-01-04 – Berlangsung
  57. 1837VEI 2Teramati
    1837-08-10 – 1838-06
  58. 1832VEI 2Teramati
    1832-12-25 – 1836
  59. 1828VEI 2Teramati
    1828-12-18 – 1828-12-19
  60. 1822VEI 3Teramati
    1822-12-27 – 1823-04-06
  61. 1812VEI 1Teramati
    1812 – 1822
  62. 1810VEI 1Teramati
    1810 – Berlangsung
  63. 1807VEI 1Teramati
    1807 – Berlangsung
  64. 1797VEI 1Teramati
    1797 – Berlangsung
  65. 1791VEI 2Teramati
    1791 – Berlangsung
  66. 1786VEI 1Teramati
    1786-07-17 – Berlangsung
  67. 1768VEI 2Teramati
    1768-08-19 – Berlangsung
  68. 1755VEI 2Teramati
    1755 – Berlangsung
  69. 1752VEI 2Teramati
    1752 – Berlangsung
  70. 1745VEI 2Teramati
    1745 – Berlangsung
  71. 1678VEI 3Teramati
    1678-08-19 – Berlangsung
  72. 1677VEI 3Teramati
    1677 – Berlangsung
  73. 1672VEI 3Teramati
    1672-08-04 – Berlangsung
  74. 1663VEI 3Teramati
    1663-12-31 – Berlangsung
  75. 1658VEI 3Teramati
    1658 – Berlangsung
  76. 1587VEI 3Teramati
    1587 – Berlangsung
  77. 1586VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1586 – Berlangsung
  78. 1584VEI 3Teramati
    1584 – Berlangsung
  79. 1560VEI 3Teramati
    1560 – Berlangsung
  80. 1554VEI 3Teramati
    1554 – Berlangsung
  81. 1548VEI 3Teramati
    1548 – Berlangsung
  82. 1480 (±300 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1480 – Berlangsung
  83. 1440 (±100 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1440 – Berlangsung
  84. 1380 (±300 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1380 – Berlangsung
  85. 1300 (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1300 – Berlangsung
  86. 1230 (±200 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1230 – Berlangsung
  87. 1190 (±30 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1190 – Berlangsung
  88. 1140 (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1140 – Berlangsung
  89. 1090 (±100 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1090 – Berlangsung
  90. 1010 (±25 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1010 – Berlangsung
  91. 940 (±100 tahun)VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    940 – Berlangsung
  92. 870 (±100 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    870 – Berlangsung
  93. 680 (±200 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    680 – Berlangsung
  94. 630 (±30 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    630 – Berlangsung
  95. 540 (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    540 – Berlangsung
  96. 480 (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    480 – Berlangsung
  97. 410 (±150 tahun)VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    410 – Berlangsung
  98. 280 (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    280 – Berlangsung
  99. 190 (±300 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    190 – Berlangsung
  100. 120 (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    120 – Berlangsung
  101. 20 (±300 tahun)VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    20 – Berlangsung
  102. 340 SM (±500 tahun)VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 340 – Berlangsung
  103. 700 SM (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 700 – Berlangsung
  104. 1010 SM (±200 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1010 – Berlangsung
  105. 1180 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1180 – Berlangsung
  106. 1410 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1410 – Berlangsung
  107. 1770 SM (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1770 – Berlangsung
  108. 1890 SM (±55 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1890 – Berlangsung
  109. 2910 SM (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2910 – Berlangsung
  110. 4690 SM (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4690 – Berlangsung
  111. 7310 SM (±300 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7310 – Berlangsung
  112. 8780 SM (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 8780 – Berlangsung
    Old Merapi

Tautan eksternal

⚠ Untuk referensi saja. Bukan untuk tanggap darurat.