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Kaldera Aira

Aira

Kaldera · Japan · 1117 m

A plume rises above the Minamidake crater on Sakurajima. Activity at Kitadake, the peak to the right in this view from the SE, ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Sakurajima is one of Japan's most active volcanoes and is a post-caldera cone in the Aira caldera at the northern half of Kagoshima Bay. Frequent historical eruptions have deposited ash across the bay on Kagoshima, one of Kyushu's largest cities.
A plume rises above the Minamidake crater on Sakurajima. Activity at Kitadake, the peak to the right in this view from the SE, ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Sakurajima is one of Japan's most active volcanoes and is a post-caldera cone in the Aira caldera at the northern half of Kagoshima Bay. Frequent historical eruptions have deposited ash across the bay on Kagoshima, one of Kyushu's largest cities. · Foto: Copyrighted photo by Shun Nakano (Japanese Quaternary Volcanoes database, RIODB, http://riodb02.ibase.aist.go.jp/strata/VOL_JP/EN/index.htm and Geol Surv Japan, AIST, http://www.gsj.jp/). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Kaldera
Negara
Japan
Wilayah
Western Pacific Volcanic Regions / Ryukyu Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
1117 m
Koordinat
31.577, 130.659
Letusan terakhir
2026
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Caldera
Batuan utama
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Ringkasan geologi

The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim and built an island that was joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4,850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent eruptions since the 8th century have deposited ash on the city of Kagoshima, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest recorded eruption took place during 1471-76.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
8050 BCE~7714 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 66372 BCE~6037 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 56037 BCE~5701 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?5701 BCE~5365 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?5030 BCE~4694 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?3352 BCE~3016 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 43016 BCE~2681 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 42345 BCE~2010 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?1339 BCE~1003 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?668 BCE~332 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?675~1010 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 41346~1681 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 51681~2017 · 29 letusan · VEI maks. 48050 BCE5701 BCE3016 BCE668 BCE1681

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2017VEI 2Teramati
    2017-03-25 – 2026-03-23
    Minamidake summit crater
  2. 1955VEI 3Teramati
    1955-10-13 – 2016-08-22
    Minami-dake and east flank (Showa crater)
  3. 1954VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1954-11-16 – 1954-12-16
    Minami-dake
  4. 1950VEI 1Teramati
    1950-06-29 – 1950-09-09
    Minami-dake
  5. 1948VEI 1Teramati
    1948-07-27 – 1948-07-27
    East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
  6. 1946VEI 2Teramati
    1946-01 – 1946-11
    East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
  7. 1942VEI 1Teramati
    1942-07-16 – 1942-07-16
    East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
  8. 1941VEI 2Teramati
    1941-04-28 – 1941-08-26
    East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
  9. 1940VEI 2Teramati
    1940-04-24 – 1940-07-09
    Minami-dake and east flank (750 m)
  10. 1939VEI 2Teramati
    1939-10-26 – 1939-11-12
    East flank of Minami-dake (750 m)
  11. 1938VEI 2Teramati
    1938-02-25 – 1938-03-31
    Minami-dake
  12. 1935VEI 1Teramati
    1935-09-20 – 1935-09-24
    Minami-dake
  13. 1914VEI 4Teramati
    1914-01-12 – 1915-05
    West, east and SE flanks
  14. 1899VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1899-09-24 – 1899-09-25
    Minami-dake
  15. 1860VEI 1Teramati
    1860 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  16. 1799VEI 2Teramati
    1799-03-27 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  17. 1797VEI 2Teramati
    1797 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  18. 1794VEI 2Teramati
    1794 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  19. 1792VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1792 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  20. 1791VEI 2Teramati
    1791-09-11 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  21. 1790VEI 2Teramati
    1790-07-29 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  22. 1785VEI 2Teramati
    1785-11-20 – Berlangsung
  23. 1783VEI 3Teramati
    1783-09-03 – Berlangsung
  24. 1782VEI 2Teramati
    1782-01-18 – Berlangsung
    NE flank (offshore)
  25. 1779VEI 4Teramati
    1779-11-08 – 1781-05
    NE flank, off NE coast, south flank
  26. 1756VEI 2Teramati
    1756-09-09 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  27. 1749VEI 2Teramati
    1749-09 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake summit, west flank?
  28. 1742VEI 2Teramati
    1742-04-06 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  29. 1706VEI 2Teramati
    1706-01 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  30. 1678VEI 2Teramati
    1678-03-01 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  31. 1670VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1670-06-01 – Berlangsung
  32. 1642VEI 2Teramati
    1642-04-06 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  33. 1478VEI 2Teramati
    1478-09-23 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  34. 1471VEI 5Teramati
    1471-11-03 – 1476-10-08
    NE and SW flanks, summit crater
  35. 1468VEI 2Teramati
    1468 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  36. 778VEI 0Teramati
    778 – Berlangsung
  37. 766VEI 3Teramati
    766-07-20 – Berlangsung
  38. 764VEI 4Teramati
    764-01 – Berlangsung
    East flank (Nabe-yama)
  39. 716VEI 3Teramati
    716 – 718
  40. 712VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    712 – Berlangsung
  41. 708VEI 3Teramati
    708 – Berlangsung
  42. 650 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 650 – Berlangsung
    Minami-dake
  43. 1050 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1050 – Berlangsung
  44. 2050 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2050 – Berlangsung
  45. 2900 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2900 – Berlangsung
    Kita-dake
  46. 3050 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3050 – Berlangsung
    Kita-dake
  47. 4800 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4800 – Berlangsung
    Kita-dake
  48. 5400 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5400 – Berlangsung
    Kita-dake
  49. 5950 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5950 – Berlangsung
    Kita-dake
  50. 6050 SMVEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6050 – Berlangsung
    Kita-dake
  51. 6350 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6350 – Berlangsung
    Kita-dake
  52. 7750 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7750 – Berlangsung
    Kita-dake
  53. 8050 SM (±1000 tahun)VEI 6Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 8050 – Berlangsung
    Wakamiko Caldera

Tautan eksternal

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