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Tolbachik

Gunung api perisai · Russia · 3611 m

Tolbachik is composed of two main edifices. The flat-topped Plosky Tolbachik (right) is located east of the older and higher Ostry Tolbachik cone (left). Lengthy rift zones extending NE and S of Plosky Tolbachik have erupted voluminous lava flows through the Holocene. The 1975-76 eruption from the summit and S-flank fissures was one of the largest historical basaltic eruption in Kamchatka.
Tolbachik is composed of two main edifices. The flat-topped Plosky Tolbachik (right) is located east of the older and higher Ostry Tolbachik cone (left). Lengthy rift zones extending NE and S of Plosky Tolbachik have erupted voluminous lava flows through the Holocene. The 1975-76 eruption from the summit and S-flank fissures was one of the largest historical basaltic eruption in Kamchatka. · Foto: Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Gunung api perisai
Negara
Russia
Wilayah
Northwestern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
3611 m
Koordinat
55.832, 160.326
Letusan terakhir
2013
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Shield
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

The massive Tolbachik volcano is located at the southern end of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group. The massif is composed of two overlapping, but morphologically distinct, volcanoes. The flat-topped Plosky Tolbachik shield volcano with its nested Holocene calderas up to 3 km in diameter is located east of the older and higher sharp-topped Ostry Tolbachik stratovolcano. The summit caldera at Plosky Tolbachik was formed in association with major lava effusion about 6,500 years ago and simultaneously with a major southward-directed sector collapse of Ostry Tolbachik. Long rift zones extending NE and SSW of the volcano have erupted voluminous basaltic lava flows during the Holocene, with activity during the past two thousand years being confined to the narrow axial zone of the rifts. The 1975-76 eruption originating from the SSW-flank fissure system and the summit was the largest historical basaltic eruption in Kamchatka.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Ringkasan Inggris

Tolbachik is a volcanic complex on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia. It consists of two volcanoes, Plosky (flat) Tolbachik and Ostry (sharp) Tolbachik, which as the names suggest are respectively a flat-topped shield volcano and a peaked stratovolcano. As Ostry is the mountain's highest point, the entire mountain is often referred to as "Ostry Tolbachik", not to be confused with Ostry, a separate volcano to the north also on the Kamchatka Peninsula.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
7600 BCE~7280 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?6318 BCE~5998 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?5678 BCE~5357 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?4716 BCE~4396 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?2153 BCE~1833 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 31833 BCE~1512 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 3872 BCE~551 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?231 BCE~90 · 3 letusan · VEI maks. 490~410 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. 4410~730 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 3730~1051 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. 41371~1692 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 21692~2012 · 34 letusan · VEI maks. 47600 BCE5357 BCE2794 BCE551 BCE1692

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2012VEI 3Teramati
    2012-11-27 – 2013-09-05
    Tolbachinsky Dol
  2. 1975VEI 4Teramati
    1975-06-28 – 1976-12-10
    South flank (18 & 28 km from summit)
  3. 1973VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1973-10-16 – 1974-12-16
  4. 1970VEI 1Teramati
    1970-01-16 – 1970-04-16
  5. 1970VEI 2Teramati
    1970-09-16 – 1970-12-01
  6. 1968VEI 1Teramati
    1968-07-02 – 1969-07-02
  7. 1967VEI 2Teramati
    1967-03-16 – 1967-05-16
  8. 1967VEI 2Teramati
    1967-10-16 – 1967-11-16
  9. 1966VEI 2Teramati
    1966-04-15 – Berlangsung
  10. 1965VEI 1Teramati
    1965-07-02 – Berlangsung
  11. 1964VEI 2Teramati
    1964-03-16 – 1964-04-24
  12. 1962VEI 1Teramati
    1962-08-16 – 1963-07-02
  13. 1961VEI 2Teramati
    1961-03-24 – 1962-02-16
  14. 1959VEI 2Teramati
    1959-07-02 – 1960-07-02
  15. 1958VEI 2Teramati
    1958-07-13 – Berlangsung
  16. 1956VEI 2Teramati
    1956-09-28 – 1957-11-28
  17. 1955VEI 2Teramati
    1955-01-07 – 1955-02-09
  18. 1955VEI 2Teramati
    1955-10-06 – 1955-12-08
  19. 1954VEI 2Teramati
    1954-02-21 – 1954-06-13
  20. 1947VEI 2Teramati
    1947-01 – Berlangsung
  21. 1940VEI 2Teramati
    1940-02 – 1940-04
  22. 1940VEI 3Teramati
    1940-11 – 1941-07-15
    Summit, SW flank (1950 m)
  23. 1939VEI 2Teramati
    1939-09-25 – 1939-09-27
  24. 1936VEI 2Teramati
    1936-08-13 – 1937-03-02
  25. 1931VEI 2Teramati
    1931-03-04 – 1932
  26. 1904VEI 2Teramati
    1904 – Berlangsung
  27. 1793VEI 2Teramati
    1793 – Berlangsung
  28. 1790VEI 2Teramati
    1790 – Berlangsung
  29. 1789VEI 2Teramati
    1789 – Berlangsung
  30. 1788VEI 2Teramati
    1788 – Berlangsung
  31. 1769VEI 2Teramati
    1769-02-15 – 1769-10-15
  32. 1740VEI 2Teramati
    1740-12 – Berlangsung
  33. 1739VEI 2Teramati
    1739-02-01 – Berlangsung
  34. 1699 (±1 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1699 – Berlangsung
  35. 1550VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1550 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Zvezda)
  36. 1050VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    1050 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Visokaya, Treschina)
  37. 1000VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    1000 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Kleshnya, Rastaschenny)
  38. 950VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    950 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Alaid)
  39. 900VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    900 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Peschanie Gorky)
  40. 550VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    550 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Kamenistaya)
  41. 450VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    450 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Dvoinoy, Nedostupny, Dalny)
  42. 400VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    400 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Pelmen, Lagerny)
  43. 350VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    350 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Zasipannie)
  44. 250VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    250 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Poteryanny, Yupiter)
  45. 150VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    150 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Zapretny)
  46. 50VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    50 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Mt. 1004, Pra-Visokaya)
  47. 100 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 100 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Sosed, Malenky)
  48. 200 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 200 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Kust)
  49. 700 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 700 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Buraya)
  50. 750 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 750 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Tsepochka, Malishi)
  51. 800 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 800 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Serga, Starichky)
  52. 1650 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1650 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Istochniky)
  53. 1750 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1750 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Mokhnataya)
  54. 2050 SMVEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2050 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Kruglenky)
  55. 4550 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4550 – Berlangsung
    Plosky and Ostry Tolbachik calderas
  56. 5450 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5450 – Berlangsung
    SW flank and NE flank
  57. 5600 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5600 – Berlangsung
    SW flank
  58. 5650 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5650 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Bubochka)
  59. 6050 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6050 – Berlangsung
    SW flank (Lesnaya)
  60. 7600 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7600 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

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