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Kawah Ubehebe

Ubehebe Craters

Maar · United States · 752 m

Ubehebe craters are an isolated group of maar volcanoes erupted through nonvolcanic sediments of Death Valley National Park. The craters were formed by hydrovolcanic explosions along a fault. The contact between pre-eruption yellowish- and orange-colored sedimentary rocks and overlying black ash deposits from an early stage scoria cone can be seen at the upper part of the western wall of 800-m wide, 235-m deep Ubehebe crater, the youngest and largest crater.
Ubehebe craters are an isolated group of maar volcanoes erupted through nonvolcanic sediments of Death Valley National Park. The craters were formed by hydrovolcanic explosions along a fault. The contact between pre-eruption yellowish- and orange-colored sedimentary rocks and overlying black ash deposits from an early stage scoria cone can be seen at the upper part of the western wall of 800-m wide, 235-m deep Ubehebe crater, the youngest and largest crater. · Foto: Photo by Lee Siebert, 1974 (Smithsonian Institution). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Maar
Negara
United States
Wilayah
North America Volcanic Regions / Basin and Range Volcanic Province
Ketinggian
752 m
Koordinat
37.020, -117.450
Letusan terakhir
-150
Kondisi tektonik
Rift zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Minor
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

The Ubehebe Craters (pronounced you-bee-HEE-bee) consist of an isolated group of overlapping maars formed during eruptions of alkali basalt along a fault cutting alluvial fan deposits on the flanks of Tin Mountain in Death Valley National Park. Ubehebe Crater is a 0.8-km-wide, 235-m-deep maar surrounded by a tuff ring. Little Hebe Crater, the second youngest vent located immediately south, is a small tuff cone with a 100-m-wide crater overlain by pyroclastic-surge deposits. At least a dozen craters are located within an area of 3 km2, and bedded pyroclastic-surge deposits cover an area of 15 km2. Early scoria cone formation was followed by hydrovolcanic explosions that formed two clusters of explosion craters and tuff rings. Field work and revised dating (Calzia et al., 2016; Fierstein et al., 2016) based on paleomagnetic and 10Be evidence has shown that the craters were formed during a single short-lived phreatic, phreatomagmatic, and magmatic eruptive episode about 2,100 years ago.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Kawah Ubehebe adalah sebuah lahan vulkanik di utara Lembah Kematian, California, yang terdiri dari 14–16 kawah dalam area seluas 3 kilometer persegi. Kawah terbesar adalah kawah Ubehebe, dengan diameter 800 meter dan kedalaman 235 meter. Banyak kawah lainnya sebagian terkubur sehingga hampir tidak dapat dikenali. Fitur vulkanik lain di sana termasuk sisa kerucut skoria dan kerucut tuff. Kawah Ubehebe terkait dengan sistem sesar yang membentang melintasinya. Wilayah ini telah mengalami aktivitas vulkanik selama 10 juta tahun terakhir. Lahan vulkanik ini berada di Taman Nasional Lembah Kematian dan dapat diakses oleh wisatawan. Sistem sesar ini termasuk dalam Provinsi Cekungan dan Pegunungan, yang merupakan daerah dengan aktivitas tektonik tinggi.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
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150 BCE~150 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?150 BCE150 BCE149 BCE149 BCE149 BCE

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 150 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 150 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

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