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Kīlauea

Kilauea

Gunung api perisai · United States · 1222 m

This January 1968 photo of Halema‘uma‘u crater shows lava fountaining within the partly solidified crust of lava lake, and also overflowing below. This eruption began on 5 November 1967 and lasted until 13 July 1968.
This January 1968 photo of Halema‘uma‘u crater shows lava fountaining within the partly solidified crust of lava lake, and also overflowing below. This eruption began on 5 November 1967 and lasted until 13 July 1968. · Foto: Photo by Richard Fiske, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Gunung api perisai
Negara
United States
Wilayah
Eastern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group
Ketinggian
1222 m
Koordinat
19.421, -155.287
Letusan terakhir
2026
Kondisi tektonik
Intraplate / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Shield
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

Kilauea overlaps the E flank of the massive Mauna Loa shield volcano in the island of Hawaii. Eruptions are prominent in Polynesian legends; written documentation since 1820 records frequent summit and flank lava flow eruptions interspersed with periods of long-term lava lake activity at Halemaumau crater in the summit caldera until 1924. The 3 x 5 km caldera was formed in several stages about 1,500 years ago and during the 18th century; eruptions have also originated from the lengthy East and Southwest rift zones, which extend to the ocean in both directions. About 90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is formed of lava flows less than about 1,100 years old; 70% of the surface is younger than 600 years. The long-term eruption from the East rift zone between 1983 and 2018 produced lava flows covering more than 100 km2, destroyed hundreds of houses, and added new coastline.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Gunung Kīlauea adalah gunung berapi perisai aktif di Kepulauan Hawaii. Secara historis, gunung ini adalah gunung api yang paling aktif di antara kelima gunung berapi yang bersama-sama membentuk Pulau Besar Hawaii. Terletak di sepanjang pantai tenggara pulau, gunung berapi ini berusia antara 210.000 - 280.000 tahun dan muncul di atas permukaan laut sekitar 100.000 tahun yang lalu. Letusan terbarunya terjadi pada 29 Desember 2021 dan berakhir pada 9 Desember 2022.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Baca artikel lengkap →

Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
4650 BCE~4428 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 03315 BCE~3093 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 02870 BCE~2648 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 02203 BCE~1980 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 01758 BCE~1535 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 0868 BCE~646 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 0423 BCE~201 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 0201 BCE~22 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 022~244 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 0244~467 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 0467~689 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 1689~912 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 0912~1134 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 11134~1357 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 01357~1579 · 5 letusan · VEI maks. 11579~1802 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 41802~2024 · 42 letusan · VEI maks. 34650 BCE3093 BCE1313 BCE2441802

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2024VEI 0Teramati
    2024-12-23 – 2026-03-25
    Halema'uma'u Crater
  2. 2024VEI 0Teramati
    2024-09-15 – 2024-09-20
    Napau Crater
  3. 2024VEI 0Teramati
    2024-06-03 – 2024-06-03
    Southwest Rift Zone
  4. 2021VEI 0Teramati
    2021-09-29 – 2023-09-16
    Halema`uma`u Crater.
  5. 2020VEI 0Teramati
    2020-12-20 – 2021-05-23
  6. 1983VEI 3Teramati
    1983-01-03 – 2018-09-05
    East rift zone (Puu O'o), Halemaumau
  7. 1982VEI 0Teramati
    1982-04-30 – 1982-05-01
    Kilauea Caldera (NE of Halemaumau)
  8. 1982VEI 0Teramati
    1982-09-25 – 1982-09-26
    Kilauea Caldera (SSE of Halemaumau)
  9. 1980VEI 0Teramati
    1980-03-11 – 1980-03-11
    East rift zone (near Mauna Ulu)
  10. 1979VEI 0Teramati
    1979-11-16 – 1979-11-17
    East rift zone (Pauahi Crater)
  11. 1977VEI 0Teramati
    1977-09-13 – 1977-10-01
    East rift zone (near Kalalua Crater)
  12. 1975VEI 0Teramati
    1975-11-29 – 1975-11-29
    Kilauea Caldera, Halemaumau
  13. 1974VEI 0Teramati
    1974-12-31 – 1974-12-31
    Southwest Rift Zone (1,095 m)
  14. 1969VEI 0Teramati
    1969-02-22 – 1974-09-19
    East rift zone (885-945 m), Alae Crater
  15. 1967VEI 0Teramati
    1967-11-05 – 1968-10-22
    Halemaumau
  16. 1965VEI 0Teramati
    1965-03-05 – 1965-03-15
    East rift zone (700-915 m)
  17. 1965VEI 0Teramati
    1965-12-24 – 1965-12-25
    East rift zone (915-960 m)
  18. 1963VEI 0Teramati
    1963-08-21 – 1963-10-06
    East rift zone (825-960 m)
  19. 1962VEI 0Teramati
    1962-12-07 – 1962-12-09
    East rift zone (945-990 m)
  20. 1961VEI 1Teramati
    1961-02-24 – 1961-03-25
    Halemaumau
  21. 1961VEI 1Teramati
    1961-07-10 – 1961-09-24
    Halemaumau
  22. 1959VEI 2Teramati
    1959-11-14 – 1960-02-19
    Kilauea Iki
  23. 1955VEI 0Teramati
    1955-02-28 – 1955-05-26
    Lower east rift zone (50-400 m)
  24. 1954VEI 0Teramati
    1954-05-31 – 1954-06-03
    Halemaumau and Kilauea caldera
  25. 1952VEI 0Teramati
    1952-06-27 – 1952-11-10
    Halemaumau
  26. 1934VEI 0Teramati
    1934-09-06 – 1934-10-08
    Halemaumau
  27. 1931VEI 0Teramati
    1931-12-23 – 1932-01-05
    Halemaumau
  28. 1930VEI 0Teramati
    1930-11-19 – 1930-12-07
    Halemaumau
  29. 1929VEI 0Teramati
    1929-02-20 – 1929-02-21
    Halemaumau
  30. 1929VEI 0Teramati
    1929-07-25 – 1929-07-28
    Halemaumau
  31. 1927VEI 0Teramati
    1927-07-07 – 1927-07-20
    Halemaumau
  32. 1924VEI 2Teramati
    1924-05-10 – 1924-07-29
    Halemaumau
  33. 1906VEI 0Teramati
    1906-12-02 – 1924-02
    Halemaumau
  34. 1905VEI 0Teramati
    1905-02-22 – 1906-04
    Halemaumau
  35. 1903VEI 0Teramati
    1903-11-25 – 1904-01-10
    Halemaumau
  36. 1902VEI 0Teramati
    1902-02-14 – 1902-02
    Halemaumau
  37. 1902VEI 0Teramati
    1902-06-03 – 1903-03-05
    Halemaumau
  38. 1897VEI 0Teramati
    1897-06-24 – 1897-06-27
    Halemaumau
  39. 1896VEI 0Teramati
    1896-01-03 – 1896-01-28
    Halemaumau
  40. 1896VEI 0Teramati
    1896-07-11 – 1896-09-25
    Halemaumau
  41. 1823VEI 1Teramati
    1823-02 – 1894-12-06
    Southwest Rift Zone (Great Crack, 75-580 m elevation)
  42. 1820VEI 2Teramati
    1820 – Berlangsung
    Kilauea Caldera
  43. 1790VEI 0Teramati
    1790 – Berlangsung
    Lower east rift zone (230-375 m)
  44. 1790VEI 4Teramati
    1790-11 – Berlangsung
    Kilauea Caldera (Keanakakoi ash)
  45. 1750VEI 0Teramati
    1750 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone (Heiheiahulu, 520 m)
  46. 1700 (±25 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1700 – Berlangsung
    Upper east rift zone (Kokoolau)
  47. 1650 (±50 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1650 – Berlangsung
    Kilauea summit (Observatory vent)
  48. 1610 (±50 tahun)VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1610 – Berlangsung
    Lower east rift zone (Puu Honuaula)
  49. 1510 (±50 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1510 – Berlangsung
    Lower east rift zone (near Kehena)
  50. 1500VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1500 – Berlangsung
  51. 1490 (±16 tahun)VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1490 – Berlangsung
    Kilauea caldera
  52. 1460 (±50 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1460 – Berlangsung
    Lower east rift zone (near Puu Kaliu)
  53. 1410VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1410 – 1470
    Kilauea summit
  54. 1340 (±40 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1340 – Berlangsung
    Upper east rift zone (Kane Nui o Hamo)
  55. 1140 (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1140 – Berlangsung
  56. 1050 (±75 tahun)VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1050 – Berlangsung
    Lower east rift zone (NE of Iilewa)
  57. 900 (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    900 – Berlangsung
  58. 850 (±150 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    850 – Berlangsung
  59. 680 (±75 tahun)VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    680 – Berlangsung
    East (near Kaipu) and SW rift zones
  60. 540 (±200 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    540 – Berlangsung
  61. 450VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    450 – Berlangsung
    Lower east rift zone
  62. 420 (±20 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    420 – Berlangsung
  63. 150 (±300 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    150 – Berlangsung
    Kilauea summit (Powers Caldera)
  64. 50 SM (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 50 – Berlangsung
  65. 200 SM (±150 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 200 – Berlangsung
    Summit, East and SW rift zones
  66. 270 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 270 – Berlangsung
  67. 410 SM (±100 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 410 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  68. 800 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 800 – Berlangsung
  69. 1550 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1550 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone
  70. 1650 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1650 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone
  71. 2080 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2080 – Berlangsung
  72. 2200 SM (±500 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2200 – Berlangsung
  73. 2850 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2850 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone
  74. 3300 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3300 – Berlangsung
  75. 4650 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4650 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone

Tautan eksternal

⚠ Untuk referensi saja. Bukan untuk tanggap darurat.