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Hualālai

Hualalai

Gunung api perisai · United States · 2523 m

Hualalai shield volcano is seen here from the SE at the summit of Mauna Loa. Its latest eruption took place in 1800-01, when lava flows from vents on the NW rift zone reached the sea.
Hualalai shield volcano is seen here from the SE at the summit of Mauna Loa. Its latest eruption took place in 1800-01, when lava flows from vents on the NW rift zone reached the sea. · Foto: Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Gunung api perisai
Negara
United States
Wilayah
Eastern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group
Ketinggian
2523 m
Koordinat
19.692, -155.870
Letusan terakhir
1801
Kondisi tektonik
Intraplate / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Shield
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

The basaltic Hualalai, at the western end of the island, is the third youngest shield volcano on Hawaii. Three rift zones, with numerous cinder cones and spatter cones, trend N, NW, and SE, and converge about 5 km E of the summit. Detailed mapping has shown that 95% of the surface area is of Holocene age, more than half is less than 3,000 years old, and a quarter is less than 1,000 years old. Eruptions at the end of the 18th century and in 1801 produced lava flows from vents on the NW rift zone that reached the sea and buried villages; the 1801 Huehue lava flow underlies part of the airport at Kona. The earlier of the two flows, the Kaupulehu lava flow, is notable for its large quantities of lava-encrusted mafic and ultramafic nodular xenoliths.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Ringkasan Inggris

Hualālai is an active shield volcano on the island of Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian Islands. It is the westernmost, third-youngest and the third-most active of the five volcanoes that form the island of Hawaiʻi, following Kīlauea and the much larger Mauna Loa. Its peak stands 8,271 feet (2,521 m) above sea level. Hualālai is estimated to have risen above sea level about 300,000 years ago. Despite maintaining a very low level of activity since its last eruption in 1801, and being unusually inactive for the last 2,000 years, Hualālai is still considered active, and is expected to erupt again sometime in the next 100 years. The relative unpreparedness of the residents in the area caused by the lull in activity would worsen an eruption's consequences.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
7540 BCE~7229 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 06917 BCE~6606 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 04427 BCE~4115 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 02870 BCE~2559 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 02559 BCE~2247 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 02247 BCE~1936 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01936 BCE~1625 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01313 BCE~1002 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 01002 BCE~691 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 0691 BCE~379 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 0379 BCE~68 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 0555~866 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 1866~1177 · 3 letusan · VEI maks. 11177~1489 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 21489~1800 · 3 letusan · VEI maks. 17540 BCE5361 BCE2870 BCE691 BCE1489

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 1800VEI 0Teramati
    1800 – 1801
    NW rift zone (520 m)
  2. 1784 (±7 tahun)VEI 0Teramati
    1784 – Berlangsung
    NW rift zone (1400-1900 m)
  3. 1650 (±50 tahun)VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1650 – Berlangsung
    NW rift zone (Luamakami)
  4. 1240 (±150 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1240 – Berlangsung
    SSE rift zone (Waha Pele)
  5. 1150VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1150 – Berlangsung
    NW rift zone (Puu Alauawa, Nahaha)
  6. 1050 (±100 tahun)VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1050 – Berlangsung
    SSE rift zone (3 km NE of Waha Pele)
  7. 920 (±50 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    920 – Berlangsung
    NW rift zone (2 km NW of Luamakami)
  8. 770 (±200 tahun)VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    770 – Berlangsung
    SSE rift zone (4.5 km NW of Waha Pele
  9. 80 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 80 – Berlangsung
    North rift zone (1130-1830 m)
  10. 350 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 350 – Berlangsung
    SE flank (1 km west of Waha Pehe)
  11. 400 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 400 – Berlangsung
    NW rift zone (Luamakami)
  12. 440 SM (±50 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 440 – Berlangsung
    North rift zone (3 km NE of Hainoa)
  13. 720 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 720 – Berlangsung
    North rift zone (700 m ENE of Hainoa)
  14. 1080 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1080 – Berlangsung
  15. 1150 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1150 – Berlangsung
    NW rift zone (0.7 km NW of Luamakami)
  16. 1650 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1650 – Berlangsung
  17. 2040 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2040 – Berlangsung
    NW rift zone (0.3 km NW of Hainoa)
  18. 2440 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2440 – Berlangsung
    NW rift zone (1 km W of Hainoa Crater)
  19. 2770 SM (±75 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2770 – Berlangsung
  20. 4410 SM (±100 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4410 – Berlangsung
    SE rift zone (1.6 km SE of Hainoa)
  21. 6820 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6820 – Berlangsung
    Cone 60 m north of Hainoa Crater
  22. 7540 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7540 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

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