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Haleakalā

Haleakala

Gunung api perisai · United States · 3053 m

The summit of Haleakalā on the island of Maui contains a large crater that opens towards the ENE. It formed by the erosion of two large valleys that eventually coalesced, along with collapse events. This view to the NE from near the summit shows the Ko’olau Gap in the distance and scoria cones on the crater floor from eruptions along a major rift zone that extends across the summit from the SW to eastern coasts.
The summit of Haleakalā on the island of Maui contains a large crater that opens towards the ENE. It formed by the erosion of two large valleys that eventually coalesced, along with collapse events. This view to the NE from near the summit shows the Ko’olau Gap in the distance and scoria cones on the crater floor from eruptions along a major rift zone that extends across the summit from the SW to eastern coasts. · Foto: Photo by Dick Stoiber, 1976 (Dartmouth College). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Gunung api perisai
Negara
United States
Wilayah
Eastern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group
Ketinggian
3053 m
Koordinat
20.710, -156.254
Letusan terakhir
1750
Kondisi tektonik
Intraplate / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Shield
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

The massive Haleakala shield volcano forms the eastern portion of the island of Maui. The summit is at the NW end of a volcanic ridge and at the head of a large scarp that opens to the ENE, interrupting the ridge which continues 7 km across the valley, formed as a result of the coalescence of headward erosion of the Koolau and Kaupo valleys. Subsequently the valley has been partially filled by a chain of young cinder cones and lava flows erupted along the rift zone that extends across the basaltic volcano from the SW to the E flanks. The most recent eruption was thought to have occurred between the exploring voyages of La Perouse in 1786 and Vancouver in 1793, but uncertainty surrounds the date of this event, which could have occurred in about 1750 CE (anthropological evidence) or several centuries earlier (radiocarbon dates).

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Haleakalā, atau Gunung Berapi Maui Timur, adalah sebuah gunung berapi perisai besar yang membentuk lebih dari 75% daratan Pulau Maui, Hawaii. 25% sisanya di sebelah barat dibentuk oleh Pegunungan Maui Barat.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Baca artikel lengkap →

Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
7950 BCE~7627 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?7627 BCE~7303 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?7303 BCE~6980 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?6980 BCE~6657 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?6333 BCE~6010 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?6010 BCE~5687 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?5040 BCE~4717 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?3100 BCE~2777 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?2777 BCE~2453 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?2453 BCE~2130 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?2130 BCE~1807 BCE · 4 letusan · VEI maks. ?1807 BCE~1483 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?1483 BCE~1160 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?1160 BCE~837 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?837 BCE~513 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?513 BCE~190 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?190 BCE~133 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?780~1103 · 7 letusan · VEI maks. ?1103~1427 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. ?1427~1750 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?7950 BCE5687 BCE3100 BCE837 BCE1427

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 1750VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1750 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone (180-360 m)
  2. 1460 (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1460 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  3. 1420 (±100 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1420 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone
  4. 1360 (±100 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1360 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone (~1600 m)
  5. 1350 (±150 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1350 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone (~1500 m)
  6. 1200 (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1200 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone (~1200 m)
  7. 1080 (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1080 – Berlangsung
    North crater wall (Hanakauhi flow)
  8. 1020 (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1020 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone
  9. 1010 (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1010 – Berlangsung
    Haleakala crater (Halali'i)
  10. 990 (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    990 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  11. 980 (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    980 – Berlangsung
    Haleakala crater (Puu o ka O'o)
  12. 910 (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    910 – Berlangsung
    Haleakala crater
  13. 790 (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    790 – Berlangsung
    Haleakala crater (Puu Nole)
  14. 80 (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    80 – Berlangsung
    Haleakala crater
  15. 290 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 290 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone (~2400 m)
  16. 390 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 390 – Berlangsung
    North crater wall
  17. 580 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 580 – Berlangsung
    Haleakala crater
  18. 1140 SM (±30 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1140 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone
  19. 1240 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1240 – Berlangsung
    Upper SW rift zone (~2800 m)
  20. 1310 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1310 – Berlangsung
    Upper SW rift zone (~2600 m)
  21. 1800 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1800 – Berlangsung
    Haleakala crater
  22. 1850 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1850 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone (~1600 m)
  23. 1900 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1900 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  24. 1940 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1940 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone
  25. 2120 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2120 – Berlangsung
    Haleakala crater (Puu Maile)
  26. 2210 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2210 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  27. 2260 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2260 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone (East Camp cone)
  28. 2470 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2470 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone (~2000 m)
  29. 2580 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2580 – Berlangsung
  30. 3070 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3070 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  31. 4760 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4760 – Berlangsung
  32. 5860 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5860 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  33. 6030 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6030 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  34. 6220 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6220 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone
  35. 6700 SM (±100 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6700 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone
  36. 6760 SM (±40 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6760 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone (W of Kanahau)
  37. 7210 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7210 – Berlangsung
    Upper SW rift zone
  38. 7450 SM (±300 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7450 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  39. 7570 SM (±75 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7570 – Berlangsung
    East rift zone
  40. 7950 SM (±200 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7950 – Berlangsung
    SW rift zone (~1800 m)

Tautan eksternal

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