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Kaldera Masaya

Masaya

Kaldera · Nicaragua · 594 m

Masaya is one of Nicaragua's most unusual and most active volcanoes. It is a broad, 6 x 11 km basaltic caldera with steep-sided walls up to 300-m high. The caldera is filled on its NW end by more than a dozen vents erupted along a circular, 4-km-diameter fracture system. The twin volcanoes of Nindirí and Masaya are seen here from the east caldera rim above Lake Masaya. Masaya has been frequently active since the time of the Spanish Conquistadors, when an active lava lake prompted several attempts to extract the volcano's molten "gold."
Masaya is one of Nicaragua's most unusual and most active volcanoes. It is a broad, 6 x 11 km basaltic caldera with steep-sided walls up to 300-m high. The caldera is filled on its NW end by more than a dozen vents erupted along a circular, 4-km-diameter fracture system. The twin volcanoes of Nindirí and Masaya are seen here from the east caldera rim above Lake Masaya. Masaya has been frequently active since the time of the Spanish Conquistadors, when an active lava lake prompted several attempts to extract the volcano's molten "gold." · Foto: Photo by Jaime Incer. · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Kaldera
Negara
Nicaragua
Wilayah
Middle America-Caribbean Volcanic Regions / Central America Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
594 m
Koordinat
11.984, -86.169
Letusan terakhir
2026
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Caldera
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

Masaya volcano in Nicaragua has erupted frequently since the time of the Spanish Conquistadors, when an active lava lake prompted attempts to extract the volcano's molten "gold" until it was found to be basalt rock upon cooling. It lies within the massive Pleistocene Las Sierras caldera and is itself a broad, 6 x 11 km basaltic caldera with steep-sided walls up to 300 m high. The caldera is filled on its NW end by more than a dozen vents that erupted along a circular, 4-km-diameter fracture system. The Nindirí and Masaya cones, the source of observed eruptions, were constructed at the southern end of the fracture system and contain multiple summit craters, including the currently active Santiago crater. A major basaltic Plinian tephra erupted from Masaya about 6,500 years ago. Recent lava flows cover much of the caldera floor and there is a lake at the far eastern end. A lava flow from the 1670 eruption overtopped the north caldera rim. Periods of long-term vigorous gas emission at roughly quarter-century intervals have caused health hazards and crop damage.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Masaya adalah kaldera yang terletak di Departemen Masaya, Nikaragua, 20 km di selatan ibu kota Managua. Ini adalah taman nasional pertama dan terbesar di Nikaragua, dan salah satu dari 78 kawasan lindung di Nikaragua. Gunung berapi gabungan ini terdiri dari serangkaian kaldera dan kawah, yang terbesar adalah gunung berapi dan kaldera perisai Las Sierra. Di dalam kaldera ini terdapat sub-ventilasi, yaitu Gunung Berapi Masaya sensu stricto. Ventilasi tersebut merupakan jenis perisai yang terdiri dari lava basaltik dan tefra serta mencakup kawah puncak. Di sini terdapat kaldera Masaya, yang terbentuk 2.500 tahun yang lalu oleh letusan ignimbrit basaltik seluas 8 km3. Di dalam kaldera ini, kompleks basaltik baru telah berkembang dari letusan terutama pada rangkaian ventilasi setengah lingkaran yang mencakup kerucut Masaya dan Nindiri. Yang terakhir menampung lubang kawah Masaya, Santiago, Nindiri dan San Pedro. Pengamatan pada dinding lubang kawah menunjukkan telah terjadi beberapa episode pembentukan kerucut dan lubang kawah.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
4050 BCE~3848 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 6209 BCE~7 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 57 BCE~196 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 51409~1611 · 3 letusan · VEI maks. 01611~1813 · 3 letusan · VEI maks. 31813~2015 · 31 letusan · VEI maks. 24050 BCE2635 BCE1017 BCE3981813

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2015VEI 1Teramati
    2015-10-03 – 2026-03-31
    Santiago crater
  2. 2013VEI 0Teramati
    2013-04-11 – 2013-04-26
  3. 2012VEI 1Teramati
    2012-04-30 – 2012-06-08
    Santiago Crater
  4. 2008VEI 1Teramati
    2008-04-29 – 2008-12-17
    Santiago
  5. 2006VEI 1Teramati
    2006-08-04 – 2006-10-25
    Santiago
  6. 2005VEI 1Teramati
    2005-03-04 – 2005-03-30
    Santiago
  7. 2004VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    2004-07-04 – 2004-07-04
    Santiago
  8. 2003VEI 1Teramati
    2003-09-22 – 2003-12-12
    Santiago
  9. 2001VEI 1Teramati
    2001-04-23 – 2001-04-25
    Santiago
  10. 1999VEI 1Teramati
    1999-11-22 – 2000-03-02
    Santiago
  11. 1998VEI 1Teramati
    1998-09-14 – 1998-09-14
    Santiago
  12. 1997VEI 1Teramati
    1997-06-03 – 1997-11-17
    Santiago
  13. 1996VEI 1Teramati
    1996-12-05 – 1996-12-05
    Santiago
  14. 1993VEI 1Teramati
    1993-06-16 – 1994-11-16
    Santiago
  15. 1989VEI 1Teramati
    1989-02-20 – 1989-11-16
    Santiago
  16. 1987VEI 1Teramati
    1987-02-15 – 1987-02-22
    Santiago
  17. 1965VEI 1Teramati
    1965-10-10 – 1985-04-16
    Santiago
  18. 1948VEI 1Teramati
    1948-09 – 1948-09
    Santiago
  19. 1946VEI 1Teramati
    1946-06 – 1947-12
    Santiago
  20. 1925VEI 2Teramati
    1925-04 – Berlangsung
    Santiago
  21. 1919VEI 2Teramati
    1919 – 1924
    Santiago
  22. 1918VEI 1Teramati
    1918-01 – Berlangsung
    Santiago
  23. 1913VEI 1Teramati
    1913-07-12 – Berlangsung
    Santiago
  24. 1906VEI 2Teramati
    1906-01-02 – 1906-01-09
    Santiago and upper NE flank near El Pelón
  25. 1904VEI 2Teramati
    1904-05 – 1904-06
    Santiago
  26. 1902VEI 2Teramati
    1902-07-15 – 1903-11
    Santiago
  27. 1858VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1858-04 – Berlangsung
  28. 1858VEI 2Teramati
    1858-11-10 – 1859-03-27
    Santiago, San Pedro
  29. 1856VEI 2Teramati
    1856-12 – 1857-01
    Santiago or San Pedro
  30. 1853VEI 1Teramati
    1853-04-09 – 1853-09-15
    Santiago
  31. 1852VEI 2Teramati
    1852-06 – 1852-07
    Between Masaya and Nindirí Craters
  32. 1772VEI 2Teramati
    1772-03-16 – 1772-03-25
    North side of Old Masaya Crater
  33. 1670VEI 3Teramati
    1670 – Berlangsung
    Nindirí
  34. 1613VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1613 – Berlangsung
    Nindirí
  35. 1570VEI 0Teramati
    1570 – 1586
    Nindirí
  36. 1551VEI 0Teramati
    1551 – Berlangsung
    Nindirí
  37. 1524VEI 0Teramati
    1524 – 1544
    Nindirí
  38. 150VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    150 – Berlangsung
  39. 170 SM (±100 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 170 – Berlangsung
  40. 4050 SMVEI 6Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4050 – Berlangsung
    NW of caldera

Tautan eksternal

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