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Galeras

Gunung api kompleks · Colombia · 4276 m

Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. It is seen here from the south on March 17, 1989, with steam clouds pouring from vents on the large central cone near the back headwall of the caldera, whose south rim forms the ridge in the foreground. Major explosive eruptions since the mid Holocene have produced widespread tephra deposits and pyroclastic flows that swept all but the southern flanks.
Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. It is seen here from the south on March 17, 1989, with steam clouds pouring from vents on the large central cone near the back headwall of the caldera, whose south rim forms the ridge in the foreground. Major explosive eruptions since the mid Holocene have produced widespread tephra deposits and pyroclastic flows that swept all but the southern flanks. · Foto: Photo by Norm Banks, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Gunung api kompleks
Negara
Colombia
Wilayah
South America Volcanic Regions / Northern Andean Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
4276 m
Koordinat
1.220, -77.370
Letusan terakhir
2014
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Composite
Batuan utama
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Ringkasan geologi

Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. The dominantly andesitic complex has been active for more than 1 million years, and two major caldera collapse eruptions took place during the late Pleistocene. Long-term extensive hydrothermal alteration has contributed to large-scale edifice collapse on at least three occasions, producing debris avalanches that swept to the west and left a large open caldera inside which the modern cone has been constructed. Major explosive eruptions since the mid-Holocene have produced widespread tephra deposits and pyroclastic flows that swept all but the southern flanks. A central cone slightly lower than the caldera rim has been the site of numerous small-to-moderate eruptions since the time of the Spanish conquistadors.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Ringkasan Inggris

Galeras is an active stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nariño, near the departmental capital Pasto. Its summit rises 4,276 metres (14,029 ft) above sea level. It has erupted frequently since the Spanish conquest, with its first historical eruption being recorded on December 7, 1580. A 1993 eruption killed nine people, including six scientists who had descended into the volcano's crater to sample gases and take gravity measurements in an attempt to be able to predict future eruptions. It is currently the most active volcano in Colombia.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
7050 BCE~6748 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?3425 BCE~3123 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 32821 BCE~2519 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 21311 BCE~1009 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 2707 BCE~405 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 2804~1106 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 21408~1710 · 5 letusan · VEI maks. 31710~2012 · 31 letusan · VEI maks. 37050 BCE4936 BCE2519 BCE405 BCE1710

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2012VEI 2Teramati
    2012-05-13 – 2014-01-30
    Summit crater
  2. 2011VEI ?Teramati
    2011-03-31 – 2011-04-01
    Summit crater
  3. 2010VEI 1Teramati
    2010-08-25 – 2010-08-25
    Central cone
  4. 2008VEI 3Teramati
    2008-10-21 – 2010-01-02
  5. 2007VEI 3Teramati
    2007-10-04 – 2008-01-17
  6. 2005VEI 2Teramati
    2005-11-24 – 2006-07-12
  7. 2004VEI 3Teramati
    2004-07-16 – 2005-02-07
    El Pinta vent
  8. 2002VEI 1Teramati
    2002-06-07 – 2002-06-07
    El Pinta vent
  9. 2000VEI 1Teramati
    2000-03-21 – 2000-05-18
  10. 1993VEI 2Teramati
    1993-01-14 – 1993-06-07
    Summit crater, west, SW, & south rims
  11. 1990VEI 2Teramati
    1990-01-07 – 1992-07-16
  12. 1989VEI 2Teramati
    1989-02-19 – 1989-05-09
    El Pinta vent
  13. 1974VEI 1Teramati
    1974-07-02 – 1983-07-02
  14. 1973VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1973-05-16 – Berlangsung
  15. 1950VEI 2Teramati
    1950-01-12 – 1950-09-05
  16. 1947VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1947-07-15 – Berlangsung
  17. 1936VEI 2Teramati
    1936-02-09 – 1936-08-27
  18. 1933VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1933 – Berlangsung
  19. 1932VEI 2Teramati
    1932-10-10 – Berlangsung
  20. 1930VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1930-04-17 – Berlangsung
  21. 1924VEI 3Teramati
    1924-10 – 1927
  22. 1923VEI 2Teramati
    1923-12-08 – Berlangsung
  23. 1891VEI 2Teramati
    1891 – Berlangsung
  24. 1889VEI 2Teramati
    1889-07-03 – Berlangsung
  25. 1865VEI 3Teramati
    1865-10-02 – 1870
  26. 1836VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1836 – Berlangsung
  27. 1834VEI 2Teramati
    1834 – Berlangsung
  28. 1828VEI 3Teramati
    1828-10-24 – 1834-03
  29. 1823VEI 2Teramati
    1823-06-17 – 1823-06-24
  30. 1796VEI 2Teramati
    1796-11 – 1801
  31. 1754VEI 2Teramati
    1754 – 1756
  32. 1670VEI 3Teramati
    1670 – 1736
  33. 1641VEI 3Teramati
    1641 – 1643
  34. 1616VEI 3Teramati
    1616-07-04 – 1616-07-04
  35. 1580VEI 3Teramati
    1580-12-07 – 1580-12-07
  36. 1535VEI 3Teramati
    1535 – Berlangsung
  37. 890 (±200 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    890 – Berlangsung
  38. 490 SM (±100 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 490 – Berlangsung
  39. 1160 SM (±300 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1160 – Berlangsung
  40. 2580 SM (±500 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2580 – Berlangsung
  41. 3150 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3150 – Berlangsung
  42. 7050 SM (±1000 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7050 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

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