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Quilotoa

Kaldera · Ecuador · 3914 m

Quilotoa is a truncated, forested dacitic cone containing a steep-walled, 3-km-wide caldera filled by a 250-m-deep lake. Lava domes form the caldera's perimeter and occupy its floor. Its most recent large eruption about 800 years ago produced voluminous pyroclastic flows, lahars that reached the Pacific Ocean, and one of the largest airfall-tephra deposits of the northern Andes. Reports of historical eruptions from the caldera lake are somewhat ambiguous. Fumaroles are present on the lake floor and hot springs occur on the eastern flank.
Quilotoa is a truncated, forested dacitic cone containing a steep-walled, 3-km-wide caldera filled by a 250-m-deep lake. Lava domes form the caldera's perimeter and occupy its floor. Its most recent large eruption about 800 years ago produced voluminous pyroclastic flows, lahars that reached the Pacific Ocean, and one of the largest airfall-tephra deposits of the northern Andes. Reports of historical eruptions from the caldera lake are somewhat ambiguous. Fumaroles are present on the lake floor and hot springs occur on the eastern flank. · Foto: Photo by Minard Hall, 1973 (Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Kaldera
Negara
Ecuador
Wilayah
South America Volcanic Regions / Northern Andean Volcanic Arc
Ketinggian
3914 m
Koordinat
-0.859, -78.904
Letusan terakhir
1280
Kondisi tektonik
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Bentuk lahan
Caldera
Batuan utama
Dacite
Ringkasan geologi

Quilotoa is a truncated, dacitic cone in the Western Cordillera of Ecuador, 35 km WNW of the city of Latacunga, that contains a 3-km-wide caldera with steep-sided walls that rise 400 m above the surface of 240-m-deep caldera lake. Multiple lava domes are present along the caldera's perimeter. This small volcano has produced eight major explosive eruptions during the past 200,000 years. Its most recent major eruption about 800 radiocarbon years ago produced voluminous pyroclastic flows, lahars that reached the Pacific Ocean, and one of the largest airfall-tephra deposits of the northern Andes. Formation of the caldera was followed by extrusion of a small lava dome. Reports of observed eruptions from the caldera lake are somewhat ambiguous. Fumaroles are present on the lake floor and hot springs occur on the E flank.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Quilotoa ([kiloˈto.a]) adalah danau kawah yang terisi air dan merupakan gunung berapi paling barat di Pegunungan Andes Ekuador. Kaldera seluas 3 kilometer terbentuk akibat runtuhnya gunung berapi dacite setelah letusan dahsyat VEI-6 sekitar 800 tahun yang lalu. Letusan ini menghasilkan aliran piroklastik dan lahar yang sampai ke Samudra Pasifik serta menyebarkan abu vulkanik di seluruh Andes utara. Letusan terakhir ini, dikenal sebagai letusan Plinian tahun 1280, terjadi setelah periode dormansi selama 14.000 tahun. Pada fase keempat dari tujuh fase erupsi, sifatnya phreatomagmatik, menandakan bahwa danau kawah sudah terbentuk pada saat itu. Sejak itu, kaldera mengumpulkan danau kawah setinggi 250 meter, yang berwarna kehijauan karena mineral terlarut. Fumarol ditemukan di dasar danau, dan sumber air panas muncul di sisi timur gunung berapi.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
1280~1332 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 61694~1745 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 21745~1797 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 212801383153916421745

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 1797VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1797-02-04 – Berlangsung
  2. 1759VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1759 – Berlangsung
  3. 1740VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1740-12 – Berlangsung
  4. 1725VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1725 – Berlangsung
  5. 1280VEI 6Perkiraan geologi
    1280 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

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