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Las Cumbres

Fernandina

Gunung api perisai · Ecuador · 1476 m

Dust clouds rise from Fernandina caldera on July 4, 1968, about three weeks after a major explosive eruption that was followed by collapse of the caldera floor. Collapse occurred incrementally and asymmetrically, ranging up to about 350 m at the SE end of the caldera, which contains the caldera lake. Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 4 x 6.5 km summit caldera. Flat-topped benches mark the SE and NW ends of the elliptical caldera.
Dust clouds rise from Fernandina caldera on July 4, 1968, about three weeks after a major explosive eruption that was followed by collapse of the caldera floor. Collapse occurred incrementally and asymmetrically, ranging up to about 350 m at the SE end of the caldera, which contains the caldera lake. Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 4 x 6.5 km summit caldera. Flat-topped benches mark the SE and NW ends of the elliptical caldera. · Foto: Photo by Tom Simkin, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Gunung api perisai
Negara
Ecuador
Wilayah
Eastern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Galapagos Hotspot Volcano Group
Ketinggian
1476 m
Koordinat
-0.370, -91.550
Letusan terakhir
2024
Kondisi tektonik
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Shield
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes and the one closest to the Galápagos mantle plume, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 5 x 6.5 km summit caldera. The volcano displays the classic "overturned soup bowl" profile of Galápagos shield volcanoes. Its caldera is elongated in a NW-SE direction and formed during several episodes of collapse. Circumferential fissures surround the caldera and were instrumental in growth of the volcano. Reporting has been poor in this uninhabited western end of the archipelago, and even a 1981 eruption was not witnessed at the time. In 1968 the caldera floor dropped 350 m following a major explosive eruption. Subsequent eruptions, mostly from vents located on or near the caldera boundary faults, have produced lava flows inside the caldera as well as those in 1995 that reached the coast from a SW-flank vent. Collapse of a nearly 1 km3 section of the east caldera wall during an eruption in 1988 produced a debris-avalanche deposit that covered much of the caldera floor and absorbed the caldera lake.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Ringkasan Inggris

La Cumbre is a shield volcano on Fernandina Island in the Galápagos Islands. La Cumbre is also the youngest volcano in the Galápagos Islands.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Baca artikel lengkap →

Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
950~1057 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01057~1165 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01487~1594 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01809~1917 · 7 letusan · VEI maks. 31917~2024 · 23 letusan · VEI maks. 49501165148717021917

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2024VEI 1Teramati
    2024-03-02 – 2024-05-08
    SE flank
  2. 2020VEI 0Teramati
    2020-01-12 – 2020-01-13
  3. 2018VEI 1Teramati
    2018-06-16 – 2018-06-21
    Radial fissure on NNE flank
  4. 2017VEI 2Teramati
    2017-09-04 – 2017-09-08
    SSW caldera rim and La Cumbre crater
  5. 2009VEI 2Teramati
    2009-04-10 – 2009-04-28
    SW flank (400 m)
  6. 2005VEI 2Teramati
    2005-05-13 – 2005-05-29
    South caldera rim
  7. 1995VEI 2Teramati
    1995-01-25 – 1995-04-08
    SW flank
  8. 1991VEI 2Teramati
    1991-04-19 – 1991-04-24
    Base of ESE and NW caldera wall
  9. 1988VEI 2Teramati
    1988-09-14 – 1988-09-16
    East caldera wall
  10. 1984VEI 1Teramati
    1984-03-30 – Berlangsung
    NW corner of caldera
  11. 1981VEI 0Teramati
    1981-08-01 – Berlangsung
    South caldera rim
  12. 1978VEI 2Teramati
    1978-08-08 – 1978-08-26
    NW caldera bench
  13. 1977VEI 1Teramati
    1977-03-23 – 1977-03-27
    SE caldera bench
  14. 1973VEI 2Teramati
    1973-12-09 – 1973-12-16
    ESE caldera wall
  15. 1972VEI 0Teramati
    1972-06-04 – Berlangsung
    SE caldera bench
  16. 1968VEI 2Teramati
    1968-05-21 – 1968-05-23
    ESE flank (600 m)
  17. 1968VEI 4Teramati
    1968-06-11 – 1968-07-04
    West caldera wall
  18. 1961VEI 2Teramati
    1961-03-21 – 1961-09-16
    SE flank
  19. 1958VEI 2Teramati
    1958-09-16 – 1958-12-30
    SE, SW and west caldera rim
  20. 1937VEI 0Teramati
    1937-03 – 1937-04
  21. 1927VEI 0Teramati
    1927-12-13 – Berlangsung
    South flank near Punta Mangle
  22. 1926VEI ?Teramati
    1926 – Berlangsung
  23. 1917VEI 0Teramati
    1917-05-14 – Berlangsung
    Cape Hammond (SW flank)
  24. 1888VEI 1Teramati
    1888-04-10 – Berlangsung
  25. 1846VEI 0Teramati
    1846-11-06 – 1846-11-24
    East flank
  26. 1825VEI 3Teramati
    1825-02-14 – 1825-10
    East summit and SE flank
  27. 1819VEI 2Teramati
    1819-05-15 – 1819-05-18
  28. 1817VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1817 – Berlangsung
    Volcano Uncertain: Western Galápagos
  29. 1814VEI 2Teramati
    1814-07 – 1814-08
  30. 1813VEI 2Teramati
    1813-07-14 – Berlangsung
    South flank
  31. 1550VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1550 – Berlangsung
  32. 1150VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1150 – Berlangsung
  33. 950 (±500 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    950 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

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