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Eldgjá

Katla

Rekahan erupsi · Iceland · 1490 m

Katla volcano, near the southern end of Iceland's Eastern Volcanic Zone, comprises a central volcano, a 100 km2 caldera beneath the Mýrdalsjökull icecap, plus fissure systems. Valley glaciers descend from the summit toward the coastal plain in this aerial view from the SSW. Katla has very frequent eruptions. Explosive eruptions from the central volcano produce large volumes of tephra and are frequently accompanied by damaging glacier-outburst floods called jökulhlaups. Effusive eruptions producing large volumes of lava are characteristic of the fissure system.
Katla volcano, near the southern end of Iceland's Eastern Volcanic Zone, comprises a central volcano, a 100 km2 caldera beneath the Mýrdalsjökull icecap, plus fissure systems. Valley glaciers descend from the summit toward the coastal plain in this aerial view from the SSW. Katla has very frequent eruptions. Explosive eruptions from the central volcano produce large volumes of tephra and are frequently accompanied by damaging glacier-outburst floods called jökulhlaups. Effusive eruptions producing large volumes of lava are characteristic of the fissure system. · Foto: Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1985 (Icelandic National Energy Authority). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Rekahan erupsi
Negara
Iceland
Wilayah
Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Ketinggian
1490 m
Koordinat
63.633, -19.083
Letusan terakhir
1918
Kondisi tektonik
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Cluster
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

Katla volcano, located near the southern end of Iceland's eastern volcanic zone, is hidden beneath the Myrdalsjökull icecap. The subglacial basaltic-to-rhyolitic volcano is one of Iceland's most active and is a frequent producer of damaging jökulhlaups, or glacier-outburst floods. A large 10 x 14 km subglacial caldera with a long axis in a NW-SE direction is up to 750 m deep. Its high point reaches 1380 m, and three major outlet glaciers have breached its rim. Although most recorded eruptions have taken place from fissures inside the caldera, the Eldgjá fissure system, which extends about 60 km to the NE from the current ice margin towards Grímsvötn volcano, has been the source of major Holocene eruptions. An eruption from the Eldgjá fissure system about 934 CE produced a voluminous lava flow of about 18 km3, one of the world's largest known Holocene lava flows. Katla has been the source of frequent subglacial basaltic explosive eruptions that have been among the largest tephra-producers in Iceland during historical time and has also produced numerous dacitic explosive eruptions during the Holocene.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Eldgjá adalah sebuah gunung berapi dan ngarai yang terletak di Islandia. Eldgjá dan gunung berapi Katla merupakan bagian dari sistem vulkanik yang sama.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Baca artikel lengkap →

Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
6380 BCE~6101 BCE · 4 letusan · VEI maks. ?6101 BCE~5821 BCE · 4 letusan · VEI maks. ?5821 BCE~5542 BCE · 6 letusan · VEI maks. ?5542 BCE~5263 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?5263 BCE~4983 BCE · 5 letusan · VEI maks. ?4983 BCE~4704 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?4704 BCE~4425 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?4425 BCE~4146 BCE · 4 letusan · VEI maks. ?4146 BCE~3866 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?3866 BCE~3587 BCE · 5 letusan · VEI maks. ?3587 BCE~3308 BCE · 4 letusan · VEI maks. ?3308 BCE~3028 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?3028 BCE~2749 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 32749 BCE~2470 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?2470 BCE~2190 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?2190 BCE~1911 BCE · 8 letusan · VEI maks. 41911 BCE~1632 BCE · 5 letusan · VEI maks. ?1632 BCE~1353 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 41353 BCE~1073 BCE · 5 letusan · VEI maks. 31073 BCE~794 BCE · 4 letusan · VEI maks. 4794 BCE~515 BCE · 8 letusan · VEI maks. ?515 BCE~235 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?235 BCE~44 · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?44~323 · 5 letusan · VEI maks. 3323~603 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. ?603~882 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. ?882~1161 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 41161~1440 · 8 letusan · VEI maks. 51440~1720 · 7 letusan · VEI maks. 51720~1999 · 7 letusan · VEI maks. 56380 BCE4425 BCE2190 BCE235 BCE1720

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 1999VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1999-07-17 – 1999-08-15
    W, S, and E margins of caldera
  2. 1955VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1955-06-25 – Berlangsung
    East side of caldera
  3. 1918VEI 4Teramati
    1918-10-12 – 1918-11-04
    South side of caldera
  4. 1860VEI 4Teramati
    1860-05-08 – 1860-05-27
  5. 1823VEI 3Teramati
    1823-06-26 – 1823-07-23
    Arcuate fissure in south part of caldera
  6. 1755VEI 5Teramati
    1755-10-17 – 1756-02-13
    E-W fissure in center of caldera
  7. 1721VEI 5Teramati
    1721-05-11 – 1721-10-15
  8. 1660VEI 4Teramati
    1660-11-03 – 1661
  9. 1625VEI 5Teramati
    1625-09-02 – 1625-09-14
  10. 1612VEI 4Teramati
    1612-10-12 – Berlangsung
  11. 1580VEI 4Teramati
    1580-08-11 – Berlangsung
  12. 1550VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    1550 – Berlangsung
  13. 1500VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    1500 – Berlangsung
  14. 1450 (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1450 – Berlangsung
  15. 1440VEI 4Teramati
    1440 – Berlangsung
  16. 1416VEI 4Teramati
    1416 – Berlangsung
  17. 1357 (±3 tahun)VEI 4Teramati
    1357 – Berlangsung
    SW of Kotlugja
  18. 1311VEI ?Teramati
    1311-01-18 – Berlangsung
  19. 1262VEI 5Teramati
    1262 – Berlangsung
  20. 1245VEI 4Teramati
    1245 – Berlangsung
  21. 1210VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    1210 – Berlangsung
  22. 1177 (±2 tahun)VEI 3Teramati
    1177 – Berlangsung
  23. 1150 (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1150 – Berlangsung
  24. 960VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    960 – Berlangsung
  25. 950VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    950 – Berlangsung
  26. 934 (±2 tahun)VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    934 – 940
    Eldgjá fissure system (NE flank)
  27. 920VEI 4Teramati
    920 – Berlangsung
  28. 904VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    904 – Berlangsung
  29. 820VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    820 – Berlangsung
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    780 – Berlangsung
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    680 – Berlangsung
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    610 – Berlangsung
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    590 – Berlangsung
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    540 – Berlangsung
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    500 – Berlangsung
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    400 – Berlangsung
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    290 – Berlangsung
  38. 270 (±12 tahun)VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    270 – Berlangsung
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    260 – Berlangsung
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    200 – Berlangsung
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    130 – Berlangsung
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    30 – Berlangsung
  43. 80 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 80 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 250 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 370 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 430 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 740 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 780 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 850 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 860 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 920 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 990 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1160 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1190 – Berlangsung
  61. 1220 SM (±12 tahun)VEI 3Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1220 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1280 – Berlangsung
  63. 1290 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1290 – Berlangsung
  64. 1440 SM (±40 tahun)VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1440 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1540 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1640 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1670 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1700 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1850 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1910 – Berlangsung
  71. 1920 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1920 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 1950 – Berlangsung
  73. 2000 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2000 – Berlangsung
  74. 2020 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2020 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2050 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2110 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2160 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2190 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2220 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2250 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2480 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2540 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2680 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2850 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 2920 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 3180 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 3280 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 3370 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 3390 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 3480 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 3510 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 3640 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 3670 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 3720 – Berlangsung
  96. 3790 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3790 – Berlangsung
  97. 3810 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3810 – Berlangsung
  98. 3930 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3930 – Berlangsung
  99. 4060 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4060 – Berlangsung
  100. 4210 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4210 – Berlangsung
  101. 4240 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4240 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 4280 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 4370 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 4430 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 4610 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 4660 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 4750 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 4810 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 4880 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 5020 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 5040 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 5070 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 5180 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 5230 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 5360 – Berlangsung
  116. 5460 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5460 – Berlangsung
  117. 5470 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5470 – Berlangsung
  118. 5550 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5550 – Berlangsung
    NE flank
  119. 5560 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5560 – Berlangsung
  120. 5630 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5630 – Berlangsung
  121. 5710 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5710 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 5720 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 5730 – Berlangsung
  124. 5850 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5850 – Berlangsung
  125. 5890 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5890 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 5960 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 6050 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 6170 – Berlangsung
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    BCE 6200 – Berlangsung
  130. 6230 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6230 – Berlangsung
  131. 6380 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6380 – Berlangsung

Tautan eksternal

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