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Bárðarbunga

Bardarbunga

Stratovolkan · Iceland · 2000 m

The Veidivötn fissure system, which extends about 100 km SW from Bárdarbunga volcano, has been the source of major eruptions during the Holocene. The approximately 60-km-long Vatnaöldur crater row, seen stretching across this image, formed during a major eruption on the southern part of the fissure system in about 877 CE. The explosive eruption produced large volumes of tephra and small lava flows. The peak on the center horizon is Hekla volcano.
The Veidivötn fissure system, which extends about 100 km SW from Bárdarbunga volcano, has been the source of major eruptions during the Holocene. The approximately 60-km-long Vatnaöldur crater row, seen stretching across this image, formed during a major eruption on the southern part of the fissure system in about 877 CE. The explosive eruption produced large volumes of tephra and small lava flows. The peak on the center horizon is Hekla volcano. · Foto: Photo by Ingibjörg Kaldal (Icelandic National Energy Authority). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Stratovolkan
Negara
Iceland
Wilayah
Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Ketinggian
2000 m
Koordinat
64.633, -17.516
Letusan terakhir
2015
Kondisi tektonik
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Composite
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

The large central volcano of Bárðarbunga lies beneath the NW part of the Vatnajökull icecap, NW of Grímsvötn volcano, and contains a subglacial 700-m-deep caldera. Related fissure systems include the Veidivötn and Trollagigar fissures, which extend about 100 km SW to near Torfajökull volcano and 50 km NE to near Askja volcano, respectively. Voluminous fissure eruptions, including one at Thjorsarhraun, which produced the largest known Holocene lava flow on Earth with a volume of more than 21 km3, have occurred throughout the Holocene into historical time from the Veidivötn fissure system. The last major eruption of Veidivötn, in 1477, also produced a large tephra deposit. The subglacial Loki-Fögrufjöll volcanic system to the SW is also part of the Bárðarbunga volcanic system and contains two subglacial ridges extending from the largely subglacial Hamarinn central volcano; the Loki ridge trends to the NE and the Fögrufjöll ridge to the SW. Jökulhlaups (glacier-outburst floods) from eruptions at Bárðarbunga potentially affect drainages in all directions.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Bárðarbunga, adalah sebuah gunung berapi kerucut yang terletak di bawah tudung es Vatnajökull, Taman Nasional Vatnajökull yang merupakan gletser paling luas di Islandia. Gunung ini merupakan tertinggi kedua di Islandia, dengan ketinggian 2.009 meter di atas permukaan laut, Bárðarbunga juga merupakan bagian dari sistem vulkanik yang panjangnya sekitar 200 kilometer (120 mi) dengan lebar 25 kilometer (16 mi).

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
7100 BCE~6796 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. ?6796 BCE~6492 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?5277 BCE~4973 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?4973 BCE~4670 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?4670 BCE~4366 BCE · 3 letusan · VEI maks. ?4366 BCE~4062 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?1328 BCE~1024 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?113 BCE~191 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 2799~1103 · 4 letusan · VEI maks. 41103~1406 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 11406~1710 · 6 letusan · VEI maks. 61710~2014 · 28 letusan · VEI maks. 37100 BCE4973 BCE2543 BCE416 BCE1710

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 2014VEI 0Teramati
    2014-08-29 – 2015-02-27
    Holuhraun vent, 45 km NE
  2. 2008VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    2008-08-16 – Berlangsung
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (West Loki cauldron)
  3. 2006VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    2006-04-16 – Berlangsung
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  4. 2005VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    2005-07-16 – 2005-08-16
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (West Loki cauldron)
  5. 2002VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    2002-07-16 – 2002-09-16
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (W and E Loki cauldrons)
  6. 2000VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    2000-08-16 – Berlangsung
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (W and E Loki cauldrons)
  7. 1997VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1997-08-16 – Berlangsung
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  8. 1996VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1996-08-16 – Berlangsung
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (West Loki cauldron)
  9. 1995VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1995-07-16 – Berlangsung
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  10. 1991VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1991-08-12 – Berlangsung
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  11. 1986VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    1986-11-29 – 1986-12-01
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  12. 1910VEI 2Teramati
    1910-06-18 – 1910-10
    Loki-Fögrufjöll (East Loki cauldron)
  13. 1902VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1902-12 – 1903-06
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  14. 1872VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1872 – Berlangsung
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  15. 1862VEI 2Teramati
    1862-06-30 – 1864-10-15
    Trollagigar
  16. 1807VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1807 – Berlangsung
    NW-Vatnajökull
  17. 1797VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1797 – Berlangsung
    Volcano Uncertain
  18. 1794VEI ?Teramati
    1794 – Berlangsung
  19. 1769VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1769 – Berlangsung
    Volcano Uncertain: Bárdarbunga or Grímsvötn
  20. 1766VEI 2Teramati
    1766-07 – Berlangsung
  21. 1750 (±10 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1750 – Berlangsung
  22. 1739VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1739 – Berlangsung
  23. 1729VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1729 – Berlangsung
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  24. 1726VEI 1Teramati
    1726-02-01 – 1726-05-01
    Dyngjujökull, Dyngjuhal ?
  25. 1720VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1720 – Berlangsung
  26. 1717VEI 3Teramati
    1717-08-04 – 1717-09-17
  27. 1716VEI 2Teramati
    1716-10-05 – Berlangsung
  28. 1712VEI 2Teramati
    1712-01-15 – Berlangsung
  29. 1707VEI 2Teramati
    1707 – Berlangsung
  30. 1706VEI 2Teramati
    1706 – Berlangsung
  31. 1702VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1702 – Berlangsung
    Volcano Uncertain: Dyngjuhals ?
  32. 1697VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1697 – Berlangsung
  33. 1477VEI 6Teramati
    1477-02 – Berlangsung
    Veidivötn (Veidivatnahraun)
  34. 1410VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1410 – Berlangsung
  35. 1350 (±10 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1350 – Berlangsung
  36. 1290 (±10 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1290 – Berlangsung
  37. 1270 (±10 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1270 – Berlangsung
  38. 1250 (±50 tahun)VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1250 – Berlangsung
    Frambuni
  39. 1210 (±10 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1210 – Berlangsung
  40. 1159VEI ?Teramati
    1159 – Berlangsung
  41. 1080VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    1080 – Berlangsung
  42. 940VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    940 – Berlangsung
  43. 880VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    880 – Berlangsung
  44. 870VEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    870 – Berlangsung
    Vatnaöldur
  45. 150 (±100 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    150 – Berlangsung
    Veidivötn (Tjorvahraun)
  46. 1200 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1200 – Berlangsung
    Veidivötn (Burfellshraun, Drekahraun)
  47. 4200 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4200 – Berlangsung
    Veidvötn (Sigolduhraun THf)
  48. 4400 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4400 – Berlangsung
    Veidvötn (Tungnaárhraun THe)
  49. 4550 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4550 – Berlangsung
    Veidivötn (Sigolduhraun, Kalfahraun)
  50. 4600 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4600 – Berlangsung
    Veidvötn (Tungnaárhraun THd)
  51. 4800 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 4800 – Berlangsung
    Veidvötn (Tungnaárhraun THc)
  52. 5000 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 5000 – Berlangsung
    Trölladyngja
  53. 6650 SM (±50 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6650 – Berlangsung
    Veidivötn (Thjorsarhraun)
  54. 7050 SM (±1000 tahun)VEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7050 – Berlangsung
    Veidivötn (Haahraun, Botnahraun)
  55. 7100 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 7100 – Berlangsung
    Trölladyngja (Bardarhalshraun)

Tautan eksternal

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