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Askja

Stratovolkan · Iceland · 1080 m

Askja is a central volcano made up of the Dyngjufjöll massif and at least three calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide. This view from the SE looks across Öskjuvatn lake within the youngest caldera that formed in 1875 during Askja's largest historical eruption. It truncates a larger caldera, whose wall is seen in the distance above the lava-covered caldera floor. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagjá graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system.
Askja is a central volcano made up of the Dyngjufjöll massif and at least three calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide. This view from the SE looks across Öskjuvatn lake within the youngest caldera that formed in 1875 during Askja's largest historical eruption. It truncates a larger caldera, whose wall is seen in the distance above the lava-covered caldera floor. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagjá graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system. · Foto: Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Stratovolkan
Negara
Iceland
Wilayah
Samudra Atlantik / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Ketinggian
1080 m
Koordinat
65.033, -16.783
Letusan terakhir
1961
Kondisi tektonik
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Composite
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

Askja is a large basaltic central volcano that forms the Dyngjufjöll massif. It is truncated by three overlapping calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide and may have been produced primarily from subglacial ring-fracture eruptions rather than by subsidence. A major rhyolitic explosive eruption from Dyngjufjöll about 10,000 years ago was in part associated with the formation of Askja caldera. Many postglacial eruptions also occurred along the ring-fracture. A major explosive eruption on the SE caldera margin in 1875 was one of Iceland's largest during historical time. It resulted in the formation of a smaller 4.5-km-wide caldera, now filled by Öskjuvatn lake, that truncates the rim of the larger central caldera. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagja graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system, as are several small shield volcanoes such as Kollatadyngja. Twentieth-century eruptions have produced lava flows from vents located mostly near Öskjuvatn lake.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Ringkasan Inggris

Askja ( ) is an active volcano situated in a remote part of the central highlands of Iceland. The name Askja refers to a complex of nested calderas within the surrounding Dyngjufjöll mountains, which rise to 1,514 m (4,967 ft), askja meaning box or caldera in Icelandic.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
8910 BCE~8548 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 52387 BCE~2025 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01300 BCE~938 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01236~1599 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 11599~1961 · 10 letusan · VEI maks. 58910 BCE6373 BCE3474 BCE938 BCE1599

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 1961VEI 2Teramati
    1961-10-26 – 1961-12-05
    North of Öskjuvatn lake (Vikraborgir)
  2. 1938VEI 2Teramati
    1938-12-19 – Berlangsung
    South shore of Öskjuvatn lake
  3. 1926VEI 2Teramati
    1926-07-15 – Berlangsung
    South end of Öskjuvatn lake
  4. 1924VEI 0Teramati
    1924-07-02 – Berlangsung
    South flank of Dyngjufjöll massif
  5. 1923VEI 0Teramati
    1923-01-15 – Berlangsung
    SE corner of Öskjuvatn Caldera
  6. 1922VEI 0Teramati
    1922-11-16 – Berlangsung
    1 km SW of Öskjuvatn Caldera
  7. 1921VEI 0Teramati
    1921-03-16 – Berlangsung
    NE caldera wall, 0.6 km SE of Viti
  8. 1919VEI 2Teramati
    1919-07-02 – Berlangsung
    Dyngjufjöll
  9. 1875VEI 5Teramati
    1875-01-01 – 1875-10-17
    Öskjuvatn Caldera, Viti, Sveinagja
  10. 1797VEI 0Teramati
    1797 – Berlangsung
    Holuhraun
  11. 1300VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1300 – Berlangsung
    South of Dyngjufjöll Ytri
  12. 1250 SM (±300 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1250 – Berlangsung
    Litladynga and Askja
  13. 2050 SM (±500 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2050 – Berlangsung
    Flatadyngja, other areas NE of Dyngjufjöll
  14. 8910 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 8910 – Berlangsung
    SE part of Askja caldera

Tautan eksternal

⚠ Untuk referensi saja. Bukan untuk tanggap darurat.