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Askja

Stratovolkan · Iceland · 1080 m

Askja is a central volcano made up of the Dyngjufjöll massif and at least three calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide. This view from the SE looks across Öskjuvatn lake within the youngest caldera that formed in 1875 during Askja's largest historical eruption. It truncates a larger caldera, whose wall is seen in the distance above the lava-covered caldera floor. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagjá graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system.
Askja is a central volcano made up of the Dyngjufjöll massif and at least three calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide. This view from the SE looks across Öskjuvatn lake within the youngest caldera that formed in 1875 during Askja's largest historical eruption. It truncates a larger caldera, whose wall is seen in the distance above the lava-covered caldera floor. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagjá graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system. · Foto: Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Stratovolkan
Negara
Iceland
Wilayah
Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Ketinggian
1080 m
Koordinat
65.033, -16.783
Letusan terakhir
1961
Kondisi tektonik
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Composite
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

Askja is a large basaltic central volcano that forms the Dyngjufjöll massif. It is truncated by three overlapping calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide and may have been produced primarily from subglacial ring-fracture eruptions rather than by subsidence. A major rhyolitic explosive eruption from Dyngjufjöll about 10,000 years ago was in part associated with the formation of Askja caldera. Many postglacial eruptions also occurred along the ring-fracture. A major explosive eruption on the SE caldera margin in 1875 was one of Iceland's largest during historical time. It resulted in the formation of a smaller 4.5-km-wide caldera, now filled by Öskjuvatn lake, that truncates the rim of the larger central caldera. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagja graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system, as are several small shield volcanoes such as Kollatadyngja. Twentieth-century eruptions have produced lava flows from vents located mostly near Öskjuvatn lake.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Askja adalah gunung berapi aktif yang terletak di daerah terpencil di dataran tinggi tengah Islandia. Nama Askja mengacu pada kompleks kaldera yang terdapat di pegunungan Dyngjufjöll [ˈtiɲcʏˌfjœtl̥] di sekitarnya, yang menjulang setinggi 1.514 m. Kata "askja" berarti "kotak" atau "kaldera" dalam bahasa Islandia.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Baca artikel lengkap →

Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
8910 BCE~8548 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 52387 BCE~2025 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01300 BCE~938 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01236~1599 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 11599~1961 · 10 letusan · VEI maks. 58910 BCE6373 BCE3474 BCE938 BCE1599

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 1961VEI 2Teramati
    1961-10-26 – 1961-12-05
    North of Öskjuvatn lake (Vikraborgir)
  2. 1938VEI 2Teramati
    1938-12-19 – Berlangsung
    South shore of Öskjuvatn lake
  3. 1926VEI 2Teramati
    1926-07-15 – Berlangsung
    South end of Öskjuvatn lake
  4. 1924VEI 0Teramati
    1924 – Berlangsung
    South flank of Dyngjufjöll massif
  5. 1923VEI 0Teramati
    1923-01-15 – Berlangsung
    SE corner of Öskjuvatn Caldera
  6. 1922VEI 0Teramati
    1922-11 – Berlangsung
    1 km SW of Öskjuvatn Caldera
  7. 1921VEI 0Teramati
    1921-03 – Berlangsung
    NE caldera wall, 0.6 km SE of Viti
  8. 1919VEI 2Teramati
    1919 – Berlangsung
    Dyngjufjöll
  9. 1875VEI 5Teramati
    1875-01-01 – 1875-10-17
    Öskjuvatn Caldera, Viti, Sveinagja
  10. 1797VEI 0Teramati
    1797 – Berlangsung
    Holuhraun
  11. 1300VEI 1Perkiraan geologi
    1300 – Berlangsung
    South of Dyngjufjöll Ytri
  12. 1250 SM (±300 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 1250 – Berlangsung
    Litladynga and Askja
  13. 2050 SM (±500 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 2050 – Berlangsung
    Flatadyngja, other areas NE of Dyngjufjöll
  14. 8910 SM (±200 tahun)VEI 5Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 8910 – Berlangsung
    SE part of Askja caldera

Tautan eksternal

⚠ Untuk referensi saja. Bukan untuk tanggap darurat.