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Hverarönd

Krafla

Kaldera · Iceland · 800 m

The Krafla central volcano, located NE of Mývatn lake, is a topographically indistinct 9-km-wide caldera that is cut by a N-S-trending fissure system. This view from the south looks toward the center of the caldera with the rhyolitic lava dome of Hlidarfjall on the left and prominent fissures cutting across the caldera at the right.
The Krafla central volcano, located NE of Mývatn lake, is a topographically indistinct 9-km-wide caldera that is cut by a N-S-trending fissure system. This view from the south looks toward the center of the caldera with the rhyolitic lava dome of Hlidarfjall on the left and prominent fissures cutting across the caldera at the right. · Foto: Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipe
Kaldera
Negara
Iceland
Wilayah
Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Ketinggian
800 m
Koordinat
65.715, -16.728
Letusan terakhir
1984
Kondisi tektonik
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Bentuk lahan
Cluster
Batuan utama
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Ringkasan geologi

The Krafla volcanic system in the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of Iceland is about 100 km long, consisting of a fissure swarm and a central volcano with a 7 x 9 km caldera formed about 110,000 years ago that deposited a rhyolitic welded tuff. It has been moderately active in the Holocene, over three distinct eruptive periods; the current one has lasted about 2,800 years with six volcano-tectonic episodes, each with one or more basaltic fissure eruptions. Lava volumes (DRE) have been in the 0.1-1 km3 range. The Hverfjall and Ludent tuff rings east of Myvatn were erupted along the fissure system. Myvatn lake formed during the eruption of the older Laxarhraun lava flow from the Ketildyngja shield volcano of the Fremrinamur volcanic system about 3,800 years before present (BP); The present Myvatn lake is constrained by the roughly 2,000 years BP younger Laxarhraun lava flow from the Krafla volcanic system. The abundant pseudocraters that form a prominent part of the Myvatn landscape were created when the younger Laxarhraun lava flow entered the lake. The last eruption took place in 1975-1984 CE when nine small basaltic fissure eruptions produced 0.25 km3 of lava.

Ringkasan Wikipedia

Ringkasan Inggris

Hverfjall is a tephra cone or tuff ring volcano in northern Iceland, to the east of Mývatn.

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Riwayat letusan

Ringkasan (VEI dari waktu ke waktu)
Klik pada bar untuk melihat letusan individu
8500 BCE~8151 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 07102 BCE~6753 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 26753 BCE~6403 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. ?3258 BCE~2909 BCE · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 0812 BCE~462 BCE · 2 letusan · VEI maks. 4113 BCE~237 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 2237~586 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 0586~936 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 01285~1635 · 1 letusan · VEI maks. 21635~1984 · 12 letusan · VEI maks. 28500 BCE6054 BCE3258 BCE812 BCE1635

Garis waktu rinci

  1. 1984VEI 0Teramati
    1984-09-04 – 1984-09-18
    Leirhnjúkur to 8.5 km north
  2. 1981VEI 0Teramati
    1981-01-30 – 1981-02-04
    6-8 km N of Leirhnjúkur
  3. 1981VEI 0Teramati
    1981-11-18 – 1981-11-23
    Leirhnjúkur to 9 km north
  4. 1980VEI 0Teramati
    1980-03-16 – 1980-10-23
    Leirhnjúkur to 11 km north
  5. 1977VEI 1Teramati
    1977-04-27 – 1977-09-08
    3 km north of Leirhnjúkur
  6. 1975VEI 0Teramati
    1975-12-20 – 1975-12-20
    1.5-2.5 km north of Leirhnjúkur
  7. 1746VEI 1Teramati
    1746-07-10 – 1746-07-10
    Leirhnjúkur crater row
  8. 1729VEI 2Teramati
    1729-06-30 – 1729-09-25
    Leirhnjúkur crater row
  9. 1728VEI 2Teramati
    1728-04-18 – Berlangsung
    Leirhnjúkur, Hrossadalur, Bjarnarflag
  10. 1728VEI 2Teramati
    1728-12-18 – Berlangsung
    Leirhnjúkur crater row
  11. 1727VEI 2Teramati
    1727-08-21 – Berlangsung
    North end of Leirhnjúkur
  12. 1724VEI 2Teramati
    1724-05-17 – 1724-05-18
    Víti (1.5 km east of Leirhnjúkur)
  13. 1300 (±200 tahun)VEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    1300 – Berlangsung
    Crater south of Víti
  14. 850VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    850 – Berlangsung
    Daleldar, Svortuborgir
  15. 250 (±300 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    250 – Berlangsung
    Kerlingarholar
  16. 50 SMVEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 50 – Berlangsung
    Holseldar
  17. 500 SM (±300 tahun)VEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 500 – Berlangsung
    North of Hverfjall
  18. 650 SMVEI 4Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 650 – Berlangsung
    Hverfjall, Jarbadsholar
  19. 3050 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 3050 – Berlangsung
    Hvannstód
  20. 6500 SMVEI ?Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6500 – Berlangsung
    Kröfluhalshraun
  21. 6800 SMVEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6800 – Berlangsung
    Hveragil
  22. 6850 SMVEI 2Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 6850 – Berlangsung
    Bondholshraun, Hveragil
  23. 8500 SMVEI 0Perkiraan geologi
    BCE 8500 – Berlangsung
    Gjastykkisbunga

Tautan eksternal

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