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Ol Doinyo Lengai

Lengai, Ol Doinyo

Stratovulcano · Tanzania · 2962 m

A herd of wildebeest graze in the foreground during an explosive eruption from Tanzania's Ol Doinyo Lengai in 1966. Explosive activity began in August 1966, near the end of an eruption that began in 1960 and consisted of quiet emission of lava flows in the summit crater. Ash deposits from previous eruptions whiten the volcano's slopes. This is the only volcano known to have erupted carbonatite in historical time.
A herd of wildebeest graze in the foreground during an explosive eruption from Tanzania's Ol Doinyo Lengai in 1966. Explosive activity began in August 1966, near the end of an eruption that began in 1960 and consisted of quiet emission of lava flows in the summit crater. Ash deposits from previous eruptions whiten the volcano's slopes. This is the only volcano known to have erupted carbonatite in historical time. · Foto: Photo by Gordon Davies, 1966 (courtesy of Celia Nyamweru, Kenyatta University). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Stratovulcano
Paese
Tanzania
Regione
Eastern Africa Volcanic Regions / Kenyan Rift Volcanic Province
Altitudine
2962 m
Coordinate
-2.764, 35.914
Ultima eruzione
2026
Contesto tettonico
Rift zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Forma vulcanica
Composite
Roccia principale
Foidite
Sintesi geologica

The symmetrical Ol Doinyo Lengai is the only volcano known to have erupted carbonatite tephras and lavas in historical time. The prominent stratovolcano, known to the Maasai as "The Mountain of God," rises abruptly above the broad plain south of Lake Natron in the Gregory Rift Valley. The cone-building stage ended about 15,000 years ago and was followed by periodic ejection of natrocarbonatitic and nephelinite tephra during the Holocene. Historical eruptions have consisted of smaller tephra ejections and emission of numerous natrocarbonatitic lava flows on the floor of the summit crater and occasionally down the upper flanks. The depth and morphology of the northern crater have changed dramatically during the course of historical eruptions, ranging from steep crater walls about 200 m deep in the mid-20th century to shallow platforms mostly filling the crater. Long-term lava effusion in the summit crater beginning in 1983 had by the turn of the century mostly filled the northern crater; by late 1998 lava had begun overflowing the crater rim.

Sintesi da Wikipedia

Riassunto in inglese

Ol Doinyo Lengai is an active stratovolcano in northern Tanzania. It consists of a volcanic cone with two craters, the northern of which has erupted during historical time. Uniquely for volcanoes on Earth, it has erupted natrocarbonatite, an unusually low temperature and highly fluid type of magma. Eruptions in 2007–2008 affected the surrounding region.

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Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
1550 BCE~1352 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?163 BCE~35 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?630~828 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?1224~1423 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?1819~2017 · 23 eruzioni · VEI max. 31550 BCE757 BCE23410261819

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 2017VEI 0Osservata
    2017-04-09 – 2026-03-31
    North Crater
  2. 2016VEI 0Osservata
    2016-09-21 – 2016-10-13
    North Crater
  3. 2015VEI 0Osservata
    2015-06-20 – 2015-08-24
    North Crater
  4. 2011VEI 0Osservata
    2011-06-22 – 2014-07-15
    North Crater
  5. 2007VEI 3Osservata
    2007-06-16 – 2010-10-09
    North Crater
  6. 1994VEI 1Osservata
    1994-09-18 – 2006-07-16
    North Crater
  7. 1983VEI 2Osservata
    1983-01-01 – 1993-09-24
    North Crater
  8. 1969VEI ?Stima geologica
    1969-07-16 – In corso
  9. 1967VEI 3Osservata
    1967-07-08 – 1967-09-04
    North Crater
  10. 1960VEI 3Osservata
    1960-03-16 – 1966-11-28
    North Crater
  11. 1958VEI 1Osservata
    1958-02-06 – In corso
    North Crater
  12. 1955VEI 2Osservata
    1955-01-19 – 1955-01-20
    North Crater
  13. 1954VEI 2Osservata
    1954-07-26 – 1954-09-16
    North Crater
  14. 1940VEI 3Osservata
    1940-07-24 – 1941-02
    North Crater
  15. 1926VEI 2Osservata
    1926 – In corso
    North Crater
  16. 1921VEI 2Osservata
    1921-02 – In corso
    North Crater
  17. 1916VEI 3Osservata
    1916-12-01 – 1917-06
    North Crater
  18. 1914VEI 0Osservata
    1914-08-15 – 1915
    North Crater
  19. 1913VEI 0Osservata
    1913 – In corso
  20. 1907 (±3 anni)VEI 0Osservata
    1907 – 1910-08-04
    North Crater
  21. 1904VEI 0Osservata
    1904 – In corso
    North Crater
  22. 1882VEI 2Osservata
    1882 – 1883
    North Crater
  23. 1880VEI 2Osservata
    1880-12 – In corso
    North Crater
  24. 1350VEI ?Stima geologica
    1350 – In corso
  25. 700VEI ?Stima geologica
    700 – In corso
  26. 50 a.C.VEI ?Stima geologica
    BCE 50 – In corso
  27. 1550 a.C. (±1500 anni)VEI ?Stima geologica
    BCE 1550 – In corso

Link esterni

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