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Caldera di Okataina

Okataina

Duomo di lava · New Zealand · 1111 m

This large fissure produced during a major explosive eruption at Tarawera in 1886 is one of the youngest eruption features of the Okataina Volcanic Centre. Okataina is surrounded by extensive ignimbrite and pyroclastic deposits produced during caldera-forming eruptions. The subparallel NE-SW-trending Haroharo and Tarawera complexes consist of rhyolitic lava domes and associated lava flows that formed between about 15,000 and 800 years ago and impounded lakes against the margins of the Okataina ring structure.
This large fissure produced during a major explosive eruption at Tarawera in 1886 is one of the youngest eruption features of the Okataina Volcanic Centre. Okataina is surrounded by extensive ignimbrite and pyroclastic deposits produced during caldera-forming eruptions. The subparallel NE-SW-trending Haroharo and Tarawera complexes consist of rhyolitic lava domes and associated lava flows that formed between about 15,000 and 800 years ago and impounded lakes against the margins of the Okataina ring structure. · Foto: Photo by Richard Waitt, 1986 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Duomo di lava
Paese
New Zealand
Regione
Tonga-Kermadec Volcanic Regions / Taupo Volcanic Arc
Altitudine
1111 m
Coordinate
-38.157, 176.507
Ultima eruzione
1981
Contesto tettonico
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Forma vulcanica
Cluster
Roccia principale
Rhyolite
Sintesi geologica

The massive, dominantly rhyolitic Okataina Volcanic Centre (OVC) is surrounded by extensive ignimbrite and pyroclastic sheets produced during multiple caldera-forming eruptions. Numerous lava domes and craters erupted from two subparallel NE-SW-trending vent lineations form the Haroharo and Tarawera volcanic complexes. Lava domes of the Haroharo complex, at the northern end of the OVC, occupy part of the 16 x 26 km Pleistocene Haroharo caldera, which formed incrementally between 300,000 and 50,000 years before present (BP). The oldest exposed rocks on the caldera floor are about 22,000 years old. The Tarawera complex at the southern end of OVC consists of 11 rhyolitic lava domes and associated lava flows. The oldest domes were formed as late as about 15,000 years BP, and the youngest were formed in the Kaharoa eruption about 800 years BP. The NE-SW Tarawera vent lineation extends from the two dacitic cones of Maungaongaonga and Mangakakaramea on the SW to Mount Edgecumbe on the NE. Construction of the Haroharo and Tarawera complexes impounded lakes Rotoiti, Totoehu, Okataina, and Tarawera against the outer margins of the Okataina ring structure. A major hydrothermal area is located at Waimangu; the world-renowned Pink and White Terrace siliceous sinter deposits were destroyed during the major basaltic explosive eruption of 1886.

Sintesi da Wikipedia

La caldera di Okataina è una caldera composta da varie strutture vulcaniche di 16 km × 26 km nella zona vulcanica di Taupo nel distretto di Rotorua nell'Isola del Nord della Nuova Zelanda.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Leggi l'articolo completo →

Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
8050 BCE~7716 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?7716 BCE~7381 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 56378 BCE~6044 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 55709 BCE~5375 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 03703 BCE~3369 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 52031 BCE~1697 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 41363 BCE~1028 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?360 BCE~25 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 025 BCE~309 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?978~1312 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 51647~1981 · 21 eruzioni · VEI max. 58050 BCE5709 BCE3034 BCE694 BCE1647

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 1981VEI 1Osservata
    1981-05-16 – 1981-05-16
    Waimangu (Raupo Pond crater)
  2. 1978VEI 1Osservata
    1978-02-23 – 1978-02-23
    Waimangu (Raupo Pond, Inferno Crater)
  3. 1973VEI 1Osservata
    1973-02-22 – 1973-02-22
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  4. 1951VEI 1Osservata
    1951-06-16 – In corso
    Rotomahana
  5. 1926VEI 1Osservata
    1926-11-17 – 1926-11-18
    Rotomahana
  6. 1924VEI 1Osservata
    1924 – In corso
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  7. 1918VEI 1Osservata
    1918 – 1920
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  8. 1917VEI 1Osservata
    1917-03-24 – 1917-04-04
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  9. 1915VEI 1Osservata
    1915-02-04 – 1915-04-13
    Waimangu (Echo Crater & NW of Fairy Crater)
  10. 1915VEI 1Osservata
    1915-11-05 – 1915-11-09
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  11. 1914VEI 1Osservata
    1914-01-28 – 1914-02
    Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
  12. 1913VEI 1Osservata
    1913-01-27 – 1913-01-27
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  13. 1912VEI 1Osservata
    1912-04 – In corso
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  14. 1910VEI 1Osservata
    1910-07-24 – 1910-07-25
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  15. 1908VEI 1Osservata
    1908-10-01 – 1908-10-01
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  16. 1906VEI 1Osservata
    1906-02-21 – 1906-02-21
    Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
  17. 1905VEI 1Osservata
    1905-02-18 – 1905-02-23
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  18. 1905VEI 1Osservata
    1905-06-17 – 1905-06-17
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  19. 1900VEI 1Osservata
    1900-01 – 1904-11-01
    Waimangu Geyser
  20. 1896VEI 1Osservata
    1896 – In corso
    Waimangu (Echo Crater)
  21. 1886VEI 5Osservata
    1886-06-10 – 1886-08
    Tarawera (Wahanga-Waimangu fissure)
  22. 1310 (±12 anni)VEI 5Stima geologica
    1310 – 1315
    Tarawera (Kaharoa eruption)
  23. 180VEI ?Stima geologica
    180 – In corso
    Te Kopia thermal area
  24. 300 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 300 – In corso
    Mt. Edgecumbe
  25. 1330 a.C. (±75 anni)VEI ?Stima geologica
    BCE 1330 – In corso
    Mt. Edgecumbe
  26. 1750 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 1750 – In corso
    Haroharo (Rotokawau to Rotoatua)
  27. 3580 a.C. (±50 anni)VEI 5Stima geologica
    BCE 3580 – In corso
    Haroharo (Makatiti and other domes)
  28. 5550 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 5550 – In corso
    Mt. Edgecumbe
  29. 6060 a.C. (±50 anni)VEI 5Stima geologica
    BCE 6060 – In corso
    Haroharo (Te Horoa & other domes)
  30. 7560 a.C. (±18 anni)VEI 5Stima geologica
    BCE 7560 – In corso
    Rotoma caldera, Tuahu, Kawerau
  31. 8050 a.C.VEI ?Stima geologica
    BCE 8050 – In corso
    West Rerewhakaaitu fissures

Link esterni

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