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Taupo

Caldera · New Zealand · 760 m

Lake Taupo fills a roughly 35-km-wide caldera that is the site of the most prolific rhyolitic volcano of the Taupo volcanic zone. The caldera was formed during two major explosive eruptions, the Oruanui eruption, roughly 22,600 years ago, and the Taupo eruption, about 1,800 years ago. The latter was one of the world's largest Holocene eruptions. Additional Plinian eruptions during the Holocene have produced widespread airfall pumice deposits.
Lake Taupo fills a roughly 35-km-wide caldera that is the site of the most prolific rhyolitic volcano of the Taupo volcanic zone. The caldera was formed during two major explosive eruptions, the Oruanui eruption, roughly 22,600 years ago, and the Taupo eruption, about 1,800 years ago. The latter was one of the world's largest Holocene eruptions. Additional Plinian eruptions during the Holocene have produced widespread airfall pumice deposits. · Foto: Photo by Richard Waitt, 1986 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Caldera
Paese
New Zealand
Regione
Tonga-Kermadec Volcanic Regions / Taupo Volcanic Arc
Altitudine
760 m
Coordinate
-38.781, 175.893
Ultima eruzione
260
Contesto tettonico
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Forma vulcanica
Caldera
Roccia principale
Rhyolite
Sintesi geologica

Taupo, the most active rhyolitic volcano of the Taupo volcanic zone, is a large, roughly 35-km-wide caldera with poorly defined margins. It is a type example of an "inverse volcano" that slopes inward towards the most recent vent location. The caldera, now filled by Lake Taupo, largely formed as a result of the voluminous eruption of the Oruanui Tephra about 22,600 years before present (BP). This was the largest known eruption at Taupo, producing about 1,170 km3 of tephra. This eruption was preceded during the late Pleistocene by the eruption of a large number of rhyolitic lava domes north of Lake Taupo. Large explosive eruptions have occurred frequently during the Holocene from many vents within Lake Taupo and near its margins. The most recent major eruption took place about 1,800 years BP from at least three vents along a NE-SW-trending fissure centered on the Horomotangi Reefs. This extremely violent eruption was New Zealand's largest during the Holocene and produced the thin but widespread phreatoplinian Taupo Ignimbrite, which covered 20,000 km2 of North Island.

Sintesi da Wikipedia

Il Taupo è un supervulcano riolitico, al centro dell'Isola del Nord della Nuova Zelanda, la cui caldera è occupata dal lago Taupo. Questo enorme vulcano ha prodotto due delle eruzioni più violente dei tempi geologicamente recenti.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Leggi l'articolo completo →

Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
9460 BCE~9136 BCE · 3 eruzioni · VEI max. 58164 BCE~7840 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 55248 BCE~4924 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 34924 BCE~4600 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 44276 BCE~3952 BCE · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 43628 BCE~3304 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 33304 BCE~2980 BCE · 3 eruzioni · VEI max. 42980 BCE~2656 BCE · 3 eruzioni · VEI max. 42656 BCE~2332 BCE · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 41684 BCE~1360 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 61360 BCE~1036 BCE · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 41036 BCE~712 BCE · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 4388 BCE~64 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 464 BCE~260 · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 69460 BCE7192 BCE4600 BCE2332 BCE64 BCE

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 260VEI 0Stima geologica
    260 – In corso
    East Lake Taupo (Horomatangi Reefs)
  2. 233 (±13 anni)VEI 6Stima geologica
    233-03-15 – In corso
    Horomatangi Reefs area
  3. 200 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 200 – In corso
    4 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  4. 800 a.C.VEI 2Stima geologica
    BCE 800 – In corso
    Ouaha Hills
  5. 1010 a.C. (±200 anni)VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 1010 – In corso
    4 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  6. 1050 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 1050 – In corso
    5 km NE of Motutaiko Island
  7. 1250 a.C.VEI 3Stima geologica
    BCE 1250 – In corso
    4 km W of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  8. 1460 a.C. (±40 anni)VEI 6Stima geologica
    BCE 1460 – In corso
    Horomatangi Reefs?
  9. 2500 a.C.VEI 3Stima geologica
    BCE 2500 – In corso
    3 km SW of Motutaiko Island
  10. 2600 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 2600 – In corso
    3 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  11. 2800 a.C.VEI 3Stima geologica
    BCE 2800 – In corso
  12. 2850 a.C.VEI 3Stima geologica
    BCE 2850 – In corso
    2 km S of Te Tuhi Point
  13. 2900 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 2900 – In corso
    5 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  14. 3070 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 3070 – In corso
    5 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  15. 3120 a.C.VEI 3Stima geologica
    BCE 3120 – In corso
    2 km W of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  16. 3170 a.C. (±200 anni)VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 3170 – In corso
    4 km NW of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  17. 3420 a.C.VEI 3Stima geologica
    BCE 3420 – In corso
  18. 4000 a.C.VEI 3Stima geologica
    BCE 4000 – In corso
  19. 4100 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 4100 – In corso
    4 km WNW of Kohaiakahu Point
  20. 4700 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 4700 – In corso
    East-central Lake Taupo
  21. 5100 a.C.VEI 3Stima geologica
    BCE 5100 – In corso
    SE Lake Taupo (Motutaiko Island) (Unit F)
  22. 8130 a.C. (±200 anni)VEI 5Stima geologica
    BCE 8130 – In corso
    Central, E-central L. Taupo (Opepe)
  23. 9210 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 9210 – In corso
    Acacia Bay lava dome
  24. 9240 a.C. (±75 anni)VEI 5Stima geologica
    BCE 9240 – In corso
    4 km W of Te Kohaiakahu Point
  25. 9460 a.C. (±200 anni)VEI 5Stima geologica
    BCE 9460 – In corso
    East-central Lake Taupo (Karapiti)

Link esterni

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