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Krakatoa

Krakatau

Caldera · Indonesia · 285 m

Krakatau volcano lies in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java. The historic eruption of 1883 destroyed much of Krakatau Island, forming a submarine caldera and producing detonations that were heard as far away as Australia, and numerous smaller eruptions have occurred since. Rakata Island in the background is the truncated rim of the 1883 caldera. Anak Krakatau in the foreground is a post-caldera cone that first breached the surface of the sea in 1928 and has been in frequent activity since then. The black lava flow at the right side of the photo was erupted in 1975.
Krakatau volcano lies in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java. The historic eruption of 1883 destroyed much of Krakatau Island, forming a submarine caldera and producing detonations that were heard as far away as Australia, and numerous smaller eruptions have occurred since. Rakata Island in the background is the truncated rim of the 1883 caldera. Anak Krakatau in the foreground is a post-caldera cone that first breached the surface of the sea in 1928 and has been in frequent activity since then. The black lava flow at the right side of the photo was erupted in 1975. · Foto: Photo courtesy Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, 1979. · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Caldera
Paese
Indonesia
Regione
Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions / Sunda Volcanic Arc
Altitudine
285 m
Coordinate
-6.101, 105.423
Ultima eruzione
2024
Contesto tettonico
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Forma vulcanica
Caldera
Roccia principale
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Sintesi geologica

The renowned Krakatau (frequently misnamed as Krakatoa) volcano lies in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. Collapse of an older edifice, perhaps in 416 or 535 CE, formed a 7-km-wide caldera. Remnants of that volcano are preserved in Verlaten and Lang Islands; subsequently the Rakata, Danan, and Perbuwatan cones were formed, coalescing to create the pre-1883 Krakatau Island. Caldera collapse during the catastrophic 1883 eruption destroyed Danan and Perbuwatan, and left only a remnant of Rakata. This eruption caused more than 36,000 fatalities, most as a result of tsunamis that swept the adjacent coastlines of Sumatra and Java. Pyroclastic surges traveled 40 km across the Sunda Strait and reached the Sumatra coast. After a quiescence of less than a half century, the post-collapse cone of Anak Krakatau (Child of Krakatau) was constructed within the 1883 caldera at a point between the former Danan and Perbuwatan cones. Anak Krakatau has been the site of frequent eruptions since 1927.

Sintesi da Wikipedia

Il Krakatoa è un vulcano allo stato di caldera attiva dell'isola indonesiana di Rakata, posto nello stretto della Sonda fra le isole di Sumatra e Giava. Il nome Krakatoa viene anche usato per riferirsi al gruppo di isole circostanti, che costituiscono i resti di un'isola molto più grande costituita, prima della catastrofica eruzione del 1883, da 3 distinti picchi vulcanici. Nel ventunesimo secolo il centro dell'attività eruttiva è il vulcano detto Anak Krakatau.

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Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
250~427 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?427~604 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 4781~958 · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. ?958~1136 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?1136~1313 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?1313~1490 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?1490~1667 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?1667~1844 · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 31844~2021 · 48 eruzioni · VEI max. 6250604113614901844

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 2021VEI 2Osservata
    2021-05-25 – 2024-02-20
    Anak Krakatau
  2. 2018VEI 3Osservata
    2018-06-18 – 2020-04-17
    Anak Krakatau
  3. 2017VEI 1Osservata
    2017-02-17 – 2017-02-19
    Summit crater
  4. 2014VEI 1Osservata
    2014-03-31 – 2014-03-31
    Anak Krakatau
  5. 2013VEI 1Osservata
    2013-03-11 – 2013-03-29
    Anak Krakatau
  6. 2013VEI 1Osservata
    2013-10-31 – 2013-10-31
    Anak Krakatau
  7. 2010VEI 2Osservata
    2010-10-25 – 2012-09-09
    Anak Krakatau
  8. 2009VEI 2Osservata
    2009-03-25 – 2009-09-16
    Anak Krakatau
  9. 2007VEI 2Osservata
    2007-10-23 – 2008-08-30
    Anak Krakatau
  10. 2001VEI 1Osservata
    2001-07-21 – 2001-09-17
    Anak Krakatau
  11. 2000VEI 1Osservata
    2000-05-29 – 2000-10-30
    Anak Krakatau
  12. 1999VEI 2Osservata
    1999-02-05 – 1999-08-16
    Anak Krakatau
  13. 1997VEI 2Osservata
    1997-03-16 – 1997-05-16
    Anak Krakatau
  14. 1996VEI 2Osservata
    1996-07-16 – 1996-10-16
    Anak Krakatau
  15. 1994VEI 2Osservata
    1994-03-19 – 1995-06-16
    Anak Krakatau
  16. 1992VEI 1Osservata
    1992-11-07 – 1993-10-16
    Anak Krakatau
  17. 1988VEI 2Osservata
    1988-02-14 – 1988-04-16
    Anak Krakatau (S flank 1960-81 cone)
  18. 1981VEI 1Osservata
    1981-04-24 – 1981-10-20
    Anak Krakatau
  19. 1980VEI 2Osservata
    1980-03-15 – 1980-12-16
    Anak Krakatau
  20. 1979VEI 2Osservata
    1979-07-15 – 1979-11-16
    Anak Krakatau
  21. 1978VEI 1Osservata
    1978-07-10 – 1978-11-16
    Anak Krakatau
  22. 1975VEI 2Osservata
    1975-03-27 – 1975-10-26
    Anak Krakatau
  23. 1972VEI 2Osservata
    1972-06-10 – 1973-07-01
    Anak Krakatau
  24. 1969VEI 2Stima geologica
    1969-07-02 – In corso
    Anak Krakatau
  25. 1965VEI 1Osservata
    1965-07-02 – In corso
    Anak Krakatau
  26. 1959VEI 2Osservata
    1959-12-16 – 1963-07-02
    Anak Krakatau
  27. 1958VEI 2Osservata
    1958-10-02 – 1959-06-25
    Anak Krakatau
  28. 1955VEI 2Osservata
    1955-02-11 – In corso
    Anak Krakatau
  29. 1953VEI 2Osservata
    1953-03-17 – 1953-05-01
    Anak Krakatau
  30. 1953VEI 2Osservata
    1953-09-21 – 1953-11-25
    Anak Krakatau
  31. 1952VEI 2Osservata
    1952-10-10 – 1952-10-11
    Anak Krakatau
  32. 1950VEI 2Osservata
    1950-07-03 – 1950-07-07
    Anak Krakatau
  33. 1949VEI 2Osservata
    1949-05-12 – In corso
    Anak Krakatau
  34. 1946VEI 2Osservata
    1946-12-26 – 1947-08-07
    Anak Krakatau
  35. 1946VEI 1Osservata
    1946-07-25 – 1946-07-25
    Anak Krakatau
  36. 1945VEI 2Osservata
    1945 – In corso
    Anak Krakatau
  37. 1944VEI 2Osservata
    1944 – In corso
    Anak Krakatau
  38. 1943VEI 2Osservata
    1943 – In corso
    Anak Krakatau
  39. 1942VEI 2Osservata
    1942-01-29 – 1942-01-30
    Anak Krakatau
  40. 1941VEI 2Osservata
    1941-01-28 – 1941-02-12
    Anak Krakatau
  41. 1938VEI 3Osservata
    1938-07-04 – 1940-07-02
    Anak Krakatau
  42. 1937VEI 2Osservata
    1937-08-06 – 1937-11-23
    Anak Krakatau
  43. 1936VEI 1Osservata
    1936-10-13 – 1936-11
    Anak Krakatau
  44. 1935VEI 2Osservata
    1935-01-04 – 1935-07-12
    Anak Krakatau
  45. 1932VEI 3Osservata
    1932-11-14 – 1934-06-09
    Anak Krakatau
  46. 1931VEI 2Osservata
    1931-09-23 – 1932-02-17
    Anak Krakatau
  47. 1927VEI 2Osservata
    1927-12-29 – 1930-08-15
    Anak Krakatau
  48. 1883VEI 6Osservata
    1883-05-20 – 1883-10-21
    Krakatau Island (Perbuwatan, Danan)
  49. 1684VEI 3Osservata
    1684-02-01 – In corso
  50. 1680VEI 3Osservata
    1680-05 – 1681-11-19
    Perbuwatan
  51. 1530VEI ?Osservata
    1530 – In corso
  52. 1320VEI ?Osservata
    1320 – In corso
  53. 1150 (±50 anni)VEI ?Osservata
    1150 – In corso
  54. 1050 (±50 anni)VEI ?Osservata
    1050 – In corso
  55. 950 (±50 anni)VEI ?Osservata
    950 – In corso
  56. 850 (±50 anni)VEI ?Osservata
    850 – In corso
  57. 535VEI 4Osservata
    535 – In corso
  58. 250 (±50 anni)VEI ?Osservata
    250 – In corso

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