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Gunungapi Island

Banda Api

Caldera · Indonesia · 596 m

The 640-m-high symmetrical volcano of Banda Api, the most active of a chain of volcanoes in Indonesia's Banda Sea, forms a small 3-km-wide island within a largely submerged 7-km-wide caldera. This May 19, 1988, view from the south shows vegetation damage from the 1988 eruption and the southern half of a prominent arcuate fissure that extended from the south coast through the summit to 200 m above the north coast. The still-steaming narrow black lava flow entering the sea to the left of center is one of four erupted in 1988.
The 640-m-high symmetrical volcano of Banda Api, the most active of a chain of volcanoes in Indonesia's Banda Sea, forms a small 3-km-wide island within a largely submerged 7-km-wide caldera. This May 19, 1988, view from the south shows vegetation damage from the 1988 eruption and the southern half of a prominent arcuate fissure that extended from the south coast through the summit to 200 m above the north coast. The still-steaming narrow black lava flow entering the sea to the left of center is one of four erupted in 1988. · Foto: Photo by Tom Casadevall, 1988 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Caldera
Paese
Indonesia
Regione
Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions / Inner Banda Volcanic Arc
Altitudine
596 m
Coordinate
-4.523, 129.881
Ultima eruzione
1988
Contesto tettonico
Subduction zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Forma vulcanica
Composite
Roccia principale
Dacite
Sintesi geologica

The 3-km-wide island of Banda Api is the northern-most volcano in the Banda arc and has a long period of recorded observation because of its key location in the Portuguese and Dutch spice trade. The basaltic-to-rhyodacitic volcano is located in the SW corner of a mostly submerged 7 km caldera. At least two episodes of caldera formation are thought to have occurred, with the arcuate islands of Lonthor and Neira considered to be pre-caldera remnants. A conical peak rises to about 600 m at the center of the island. Eruptions have been recorded since 1586 CE, mostly consisting of Strombolian eruptions from the summit crater, but larger explosive eruptions have occurred and occasional lava flows have reached the coast.

Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
1586~1626 · 5 eruzioni · VEI max. 31626~1666 · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 31666~1707 · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 31707~1747 · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 21747~1787 · 6 eruzioni · VEI max. 21787~1827 · 4 eruzioni · VEI max. 21827~1867 · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. ?1867~1908 · 3 eruzioni · VEI max. 21948~1988 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 315861666178718671948

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 1988VEI 3Osservata
    1988-05-09 – 1988-05-17
    Summit, north and south flanks
  2. 1902VEI ?Stima geologica
    1902-03-20 – In corso
  3. 1901VEI 2Osservata
    1901-05-18 – In corso
    Summit and north flank
  4. 1890VEI 2Osservata
    1890-11-23 – 1890-11-23
  5. 1855VEI ?Stima geologica
    1855-12-29 – 1855-12-30
  6. 1835VEI ?Stima geologica
    1835-10 – In corso
  7. 1825VEI 1Osservata
    1825 – 1831
  8. 1824VEI 2Osservata
    1824-04-22 – 1824-06-28
    North side
  9. 1820VEI 2Osservata
    1820-06-11 – 1820-08-08
    Summit, south and NNW flanks
  10. 1816VEI 2Osservata
    1816-10-11 – 1816-12
  11. 1778VEI 2Osservata
    1778 – In corso
  12. 1775VEI 2Osservata
    1775 – In corso
  13. 1773VEI 2Osservata
    1773-02-06 – In corso
  14. 1765VEI 2Osservata
    1765-04-19 – 1766-10
  15. 1762VEI 2Osservata
    1762 – In corso
  16. 1749VEI 2Osservata
    1749 – In corso
  17. 1722VEI 2Osservata
    1722 – In corso
  18. 1712VEI 2Osservata
    1712-05 – 1712-12
  19. 1690VEI 3Osservata
    1690 – 1696-05-22
  20. 1683VEI 3Osservata
    1683 – In corso
  21. 1635VEI 1Osservata
    1635-11-18 – In corso
  22. 1632VEI 3Osservata
    1632-12-16 – In corso
  23. 1615VEI 3Osservata
    1615-03-16 – 1615-04
  24. 1614VEI ?Stima geologica
    1614 – In corso
  25. 1609VEI 3Osservata
    1609 – In corso
  26. 1598VEI 3Osservata
    1598 – 1602
  27. 1586VEI 3Osservata
    1586-04-17 – In corso

Link esterni

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