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Mauna Loa

Vulcano a scudo · United States · 4170 m

The low-angle flanks of Mauna Loa rise nearly 9 km from the sea floor. The elongated profile was created by repeated eruptions of thin lava flows, primarily from fissure vents along NE- and SW-trending rift zones. Almost 90% of the surface consists of lava flows less than 4,000 years old.
The low-angle flanks of Mauna Loa rise nearly 9 km from the sea floor. The elongated profile was created by repeated eruptions of thin lava flows, primarily from fissure vents along NE- and SW-trending rift zones. Almost 90% of the surface consists of lava flows less than 4,000 years old. · Foto: Photo by Richard Fiske (Smithsonian Institution). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Vulcano a scudo
Paese
United States
Regione
Eastern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group
Altitudine
4170 m
Coordinate
19.475, -155.608
Ultima eruzione
2022
Contesto tettonico
Intraplate / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Forma vulcanica
Shield
Roccia principale
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Sintesi geologica

Massive Mauna Loa is a basaltic shield volcano that rises almost 9 km from the ocean floor to form the world's largest Holocene volcano. Flank eruptions typically occur from the lengthy NE and SW rift zones, and from the Moku'aweoweo summit is caldera, which is within an older and larger 6 x 8 km caldera. Two of the youngest large debris avalanches documented in Hawaii traveled nearly 100 km from Mauna Loa; the second of the Alika avalanches was emplaced about 105,000 years ago (Moore et al., 1989). Almost 90% of the surface of the volcano is covered by lavas less than 4,000 years old (Lockwood and Lipman, 1987). Beginning about 1,500 years ago, a series of voluminous overflows from a summit lava lake covered about 25% of the volcano's surface. Over the last 750 years, from shortly after the formation of Moku'aweoweo caldera until the present, an additional 25% of the volcano has been covered with lava flows, mainly from summit and NW rift zone vents.

Sintesi da Wikipedia

Il Mauna Loa è un vulcano a scudo situato sull'isola di Hawaii. Il volume stimato di 75.000 km³ ne fa il più grande vulcano attivo della Terra per volume, anche se la sua cima è di 36 m più bassa del suo vicino Mauna Kea, un altro dei cinque vulcani che formano l'isola maggiore delle Hawaii.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Leggi l'articolo completo →

Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
8050 BCE~7714 BCE · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 07714 BCE~7379 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 07379 BCE~7043 BCE · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 06707 BCE~6371 BCE · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 06371 BCE~6036 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 06036 BCE~5700 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 05700 BCE~5364 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 05364 BCE~5028 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 04357 BCE~4021 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 04021 BCE~3685 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 03685 BCE~3350 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 03350 BCE~3014 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 03014 BCE~2678 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 02678 BCE~2343 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 02343 BCE~2007 BCE · 3 eruzioni · VEI max. 02007 BCE~1671 BCE · 5 eruzioni · VEI max. 01671 BCE~1335 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 01335 BCE~1000 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 01000 BCE~664 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 0664 BCE~328 BCE · 3 eruzioni · VEI max. 0328 BCE~8 · 5 eruzioni · VEI max. 08~343 · 5 eruzioni · VEI max. 0343~679 · 6 eruzioni · VEI max. 0679~1015 · 4 eruzioni · VEI max. 01015~1351 · 6 eruzioni · VEI max. 01351~1686 · 12 eruzioni · VEI max. 01686~2022 · 42 eruzioni · VEI max. 28050 BCE5700 BCE3014 BCE664 BCE1686

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 2022VEI 0Osservata
    2022-11-27 – 2022-12-10
    Moku‘aweoweo, Northeast Rift Zone
  2. 1984VEI 0Osservata
    1984-03-25 – 1984-04-15
    Moku'aweoweo, SW and NE rift zones
  3. 1975VEI 0Osservata
    1975-07-05 – 1975-07-06
    Mokuaweoweo and NE and SW rift zones,
  4. 1950VEI 0Osservata
    1950-06-01 – 1950-06-23
    SW rift zone (2440 m)
  5. 1949VEI 0Osservata
    1949-01-06 – 1949-05-31
    Mokuaweoweo and SW rift zone
  6. 1942VEI 0Osservata
    1942-04-26 – 1942-05-10
    NE rift zone (2800 m) and Mokuaweoweo
  7. 1940VEI 0Osservata
    1940-04-07 – 1940-08-18
    Mokuaweoweo and SW rift zone
  8. 1935VEI 0Osservata
    1935-11-21 – 1936-01-02
    NE rift zone (3690 m) and Mokuaweoweo
  9. 1933VEI 0Osservata
    1933-12-02 – 1933-12-18
    Mokuaweoweo
  10. 1926VEI 0Osservata
    1926-04-10 – 1926-04-28
    SW rift (2320 m)
  11. 1919VEI 0Osservata
    1919-09-26 – 1919-11-05
    SW rift zone (3450 and 2350 m)
  12. 1916VEI 0Osservata
    1916-05-19 – 1916-05-30
    SW rift zone (3000 and 2250 m)
  13. 1914VEI 0Osservata
    1914-11-25 – 1915-01-11
    Mokuaweoweo
  14. 1907VEI 0Osservata
    1907-01-09 – 1907-01-24
    SW rift zone (1890 m) and Mokuaweoweo
  15. 1903VEI 0Osservata
    1903-09-01 – 1903-12-07
    Mokuaweoweo
  16. 1899VEI 1Osservata
    1899-07-01 – 1899-07-23
    NE rift zone (3260 m) and Mokuaweoweo
  17. 1896VEI 0Osservata
    1896-04-21 – 1896-05-06
    Mokuaweoweo
  18. 1892VEI 0Osservata
    1892-11-30 – 1892-12-03
    Mokuaweoweo
  19. 1887VEI 0Osservata
    1887-01-16 – 1887-01-28
    SW rift zone (1740 m) and Mokuaweoweo
  20. 1880VEI 1Osservata
    1880-05-01 – 1880-05-06
    Mokuaweoweo
  21. 1880VEI 1Osservata
    1880-11-05 – 1881-08-10
    NE rift zone (3170 m)
  22. 1879VEI 0Osservata
    1879-03-09 – 1879-03-09
    Mokuaweoweo
  23. 1877VEI 0Osservata
    1877-02-14 – 1877-02-24
    Mokuaweoweo, submarine west flank
  24. 1876VEI 0Osservata
    1876-02-13 – 1876-02-14
    Mokuaweoweo
  25. 1875VEI 0Osservata
    1875-01-10 – 1875-02-09
    Mokuaweoweo
  26. 1875VEI 0Osservata
    1875-08-11 – 1875-08-18
    Mokuaweoweo
  27. 1873VEI 0Osservata
    1873-01-06 – 1873-01-07
    Mokuaweoweo
  28. 1873VEI 1Osservata
    1873-04-20 – 1874-10-19
    Mokuaweoweo
  29. 1872VEI 1Osservata
    1872-08-09 – 1872-09
    Mokuaweoweo
  30. 1871VEI 0Osservata
    1871-08-10 – 1871-08-30
    Mokuaweoweo
  31. 1870VEI 0Stima geologica
    1870-01-01 – 1870-01-15
    Mokuaweoweo
  32. 1868VEI 2Osservata
    1868-03-27 – 1868-04-22
    SW rift zone (1000 m) and Mokuaweoweo
  33. 1865VEI 0Osservata
    1865-12-30 – 1866-04-29
    Mokuaweoweo
  34. 1859VEI 1Osservata
    1859-01-23 – 1859-11-25
    North flank (2800 m) and Mokuaweoweo
  35. 1855VEI 1Osservata
    1855-08-11 – 1856-11
    NE rift zone (3200 m) and Mokuaweoweo
  36. 1852VEI 2Osservata
    1852-02-17 – 1852-03-11
    NE rift zone (2560 m) and Mokuaweoweo
  37. 1851VEI 0Osservata
    1851-08-08 – 1851-08-11
    Mokuaweoweo and SW rift zone
  38. 1849VEI 0Osservata
    1849-05 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  39. 1843VEI 0Osservata
    1843-01-09 – 1843-04-10
    North flank, Mokuaweoweo and NE rift
  40. 1832VEI 0Osservata
    1832-06-20 – 1832-07-15
    Mokuaweoweo and adjacent vents
  41. 1750VEI 0Osservata
    1750 – In corso
    North flank (2380 m) and SW rift zone?
  42. 1730VEI 0Stima geologica
    1730 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  43. 1685VEI 0Stima geologica
    1685 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  44. 1680VEI 0Stima geologica
    1680 – In corso
    NW flank
  45. 1650VEI 0Stima geologica
    1650 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  46. 1640VEI 0Stima geologica
    1640 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  47. 1540VEI 0Stima geologica
    1540 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  48. 1510VEI 0Stima geologica
    1510 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  49. 1500VEI 0Stima geologica
    1500 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  50. 1470VEI 0Stima geologica
    1470 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  51. 1440VEI 0Stima geologica
    1440 – In corso
    NE rift zone and NW flank
  52. 1390VEI 0Stima geologica
    1390 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  53. 1370VEI 0Stima geologica
    1370 – In corso
    NE rift zone and Mokuaweoweo
  54. 1360VEI 0Stima geologica
    1360 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  55. 1310VEI 0Stima geologica
    1310 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  56. 1190VEI 0Stima geologica
    1190 – In corso
    NE rift zone and Mokuaweoweo
  57. 1170VEI 0Stima geologica
    1170 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  58. 1130VEI 0Stima geologica
    1130 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  59. 1070VEI 0Stima geologica
    1070 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  60. 1040VEI 0Stima geologica
    1040 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  61. 940VEI 0Stima geologica
    940 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  62. 830VEI 0Stima geologica
    830 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo and NW flank
  63. 810VEI 0Stima geologica
    810 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  64. 680VEI 0Stima geologica
    680 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  65. 630VEI 0Stima geologica
    630 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  66. 600VEI 0Stima geologica
    600 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  67. 550VEI 0Stima geologica
    550 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  68. 480VEI 0Stima geologica
    480 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  69. 450VEI 0Stima geologica
    450 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  70. 350VEI 0Stima geologica
    350 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  71. 300VEI 0Stima geologica
    300 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  72. 200VEI 0Stima geologica
    200 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  73. 150VEI 0Stima geologica
    150 – In corso
    SE rift zone
  74. 100VEI 0Stima geologica
    100 – In corso
    SE rift zone
  75. 50VEI 0Stima geologica
    50 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  76. 30 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 30 – In corso
    NE and SW rift zones
  77. 60 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 60 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  78. 80 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 80 – In corso
    SE rift zone
  79. 200 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 200 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  80. 300 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 300 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  81. 400 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 400 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  82. 500 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 500 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  83. 600 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 600 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  84. 950 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 950 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  85. 1300 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 1300 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo and NE rift zone
  86. 1650 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 1650 – In corso
    NE and SW rift zones
  87. 1700 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 1700 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  88. 1750 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 1750 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  89. 1800 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 1800 – In corso
    NW and SW rift zones
  90. 1900 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 1900 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  91. 2000 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 2000 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  92. 2050 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 2050 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  93. 2150 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 2150 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  94. 2250 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 2250 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  95. 2350 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 2350 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  96. 2750 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 2750 – In corso
    NE and SW rift zones
  97. 3250 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 3250 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  98. 3350 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 3350 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  99. 3750 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 3750 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  100. 4250 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 4250 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  101. 5350 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 5350 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  102. 5650 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 5650 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  103. 5850 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 5850 – In corso
    NE and SW rift zones
  104. 6250 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 6250 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  105. 6550 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 6550 – In corso
    Mokuaweoweo
  106. 6650 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 6650 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  107. 7150 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 7150 – In corso
    NE and SW rift zones
  108. 7350 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 7350 – In corso
    SW rift zone
  109. 7550 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 7550 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  110. 7850 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 7850 – In corso
    NE rift zone
  111. 8050 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 8050 – In corso
    NE rift zone

Link esterni

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