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Galeras

Vulcano complesso · Colombia · 4276 m

Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. It is seen here from the south on March 17, 1989, with steam clouds pouring from vents on the large central cone near the back headwall of the caldera, whose south rim forms the ridge in the foreground. Major explosive eruptions since the mid Holocene have produced widespread tephra deposits and pyroclastic flows that swept all but the southern flanks.
Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. It is seen here from the south on March 17, 1989, with steam clouds pouring from vents on the large central cone near the back headwall of the caldera, whose south rim forms the ridge in the foreground. Major explosive eruptions since the mid Holocene have produced widespread tephra deposits and pyroclastic flows that swept all but the southern flanks. · Foto: Photo by Norm Banks, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Vulcano complesso
Paese
Colombia
Regione
South America Volcanic Regions / Northern Andean Volcanic Arc
Altitudine
4276 m
Coordinate
1.220, -77.370
Ultima eruzione
2014
Contesto tettonico
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Forma vulcanica
Composite
Roccia principale
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Sintesi geologica

Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. The dominantly andesitic complex has been active for more than 1 million years, and two major caldera collapse eruptions took place during the late Pleistocene. Long-term extensive hydrothermal alteration has contributed to large-scale edifice collapse on at least three occasions, producing debris avalanches that swept to the west and left a large open caldera inside which the modern cone has been constructed. Major explosive eruptions since the mid-Holocene have produced widespread tephra deposits and pyroclastic flows that swept all but the southern flanks. A central cone slightly lower than the caldera rim has been the site of numerous small-to-moderate eruptions since the time of the Spanish conquistadors.

Sintesi da Wikipedia

Il Galeras è uno stratovulcano delle Ande, situato a pochi chilometri dalla città di Pasto, nella provincia colombiana di Nariño. Raggiunge un'altezza di 4276 m sul livello del mare. La prima eruzione di cui si ha testimonianza storica è stata registrata il 7 dicembre del 1580. Nel 1993 una violenta eruzione uccise nove persone, tra cui sei scienziati che si trovavano all'interno del cratere per raccogliere alcuni campioni di gas. Attualmente è il vulcano più attivo della Colombia.

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Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
7050 BCE~6748 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?3425 BCE~3123 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 32821 BCE~2519 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 21311 BCE~1009 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 2707 BCE~405 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 2804~1106 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 21408~1710 · 5 eruzioni · VEI max. 31710~2012 · 31 eruzioni · VEI max. 37050 BCE4936 BCE2519 BCE405 BCE1710

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 2012VEI 2Osservata
    2012-05-13 – 2014-01-30
    Summit crater
  2. 2011VEI ?Osservata
    2011-03-31 – 2011-04-01
    Summit crater
  3. 2010VEI 1Osservata
    2010-08-25 – 2010-08-25
    Central cone
  4. 2008VEI 3Osservata
    2008-10-21 – 2010-01-02
  5. 2007VEI 3Osservata
    2007-10-04 – 2008-01-17
  6. 2005VEI 2Osservata
    2005-11-24 – 2006-07-12
  7. 2004VEI 3Osservata
    2004-07-16 – 2005-02-07
    El Pinta vent
  8. 2002VEI 1Osservata
    2002-06-07 – 2002-06-07
    El Pinta vent
  9. 2000VEI 1Osservata
    2000-03-21 – 2000-05-18
  10. 1993VEI 2Osservata
    1993-01-14 – 1993-06-07
    Summit crater, west, SW, & south rims
  11. 1990VEI 2Osservata
    1990-01-07 – 1992-07-16
  12. 1989VEI 2Osservata
    1989-02-19 – 1989-05-09
    El Pinta vent
  13. 1974VEI 1Osservata
    1974-07-02 – 1983-07-02
  14. 1973VEI 2Stima geologica
    1973-05-16 – In corso
  15. 1950VEI 2Osservata
    1950-01-12 – 1950-09-05
  16. 1947VEI 2Stima geologica
    1947-07-15 – In corso
  17. 1936VEI 2Osservata
    1936-02-09 – 1936-08-27
  18. 1933VEI ?Stima geologica
    1933 – In corso
  19. 1932VEI 2Osservata
    1932-10-10 – In corso
  20. 1930VEI ?Stima geologica
    1930-04-17 – In corso
  21. 1924VEI 3Osservata
    1924-10 – 1927
  22. 1923VEI 2Osservata
    1923-12-08 – In corso
  23. 1891VEI 2Osservata
    1891 – In corso
  24. 1889VEI 2Osservata
    1889-07-03 – In corso
  25. 1865VEI 3Osservata
    1865-10-02 – 1870
  26. 1836VEI 2Stima geologica
    1836 – In corso
  27. 1834VEI 2Osservata
    1834 – In corso
  28. 1828VEI 3Osservata
    1828-10-24 – 1834-03
  29. 1823VEI 2Osservata
    1823-06-17 – 1823-06-24
  30. 1796VEI 2Osservata
    1796-11 – 1801
  31. 1754VEI 2Osservata
    1754 – 1756
  32. 1670VEI 3Osservata
    1670 – 1736
  33. 1641VEI 3Osservata
    1641 – 1643
  34. 1616VEI 3Osservata
    1616-07-04 – 1616-07-04
  35. 1580VEI 3Osservata
    1580-12-07 – 1580-12-07
  36. 1535VEI 3Osservata
    1535 – In corso
  37. 890 (±200 anni)VEI 2Stima geologica
    890 – In corso
  38. 490 a.C. (±100 anni)VEI 2Stima geologica
    BCE 490 – In corso
  39. 1160 a.C. (±300 anni)VEI 2Stima geologica
    BCE 1160 – In corso
  40. 2580 a.C. (±500 anni)VEI 2Stima geologica
    BCE 2580 – In corso
  41. 3150 a.C. (±200 anni)VEI 3Stima geologica
    BCE 3150 – In corso
  42. 7050 a.C. (±1000 anni)VEI ?Stima geologica
    BCE 7050 – In corso

Link esterni

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