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Las Cumbres

Fernandina

Vulcano a scudo · Ecuador · 1476 m

Dust clouds rise from Fernandina caldera on July 4, 1968, about three weeks after a major explosive eruption that was followed by collapse of the caldera floor. Collapse occurred incrementally and asymmetrically, ranging up to about 350 m at the SE end of the caldera, which contains the caldera lake. Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 4 x 6.5 km summit caldera. Flat-topped benches mark the SE and NW ends of the elliptical caldera.
Dust clouds rise from Fernandina caldera on July 4, 1968, about three weeks after a major explosive eruption that was followed by collapse of the caldera floor. Collapse occurred incrementally and asymmetrically, ranging up to about 350 m at the SE end of the caldera, which contains the caldera lake. Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 4 x 6.5 km summit caldera. Flat-topped benches mark the SE and NW ends of the elliptical caldera. · Foto: Photo by Tom Simkin, 1968 (Smithsonian Institution). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Vulcano a scudo
Paese
Ecuador
Regione
Eastern Pacific Volcanic Regions / Galapagos Hotspot Volcano Group
Altitudine
1476 m
Coordinate
-0.370, -91.550
Ultima eruzione
2024
Contesto tettonico
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Forma vulcanica
Shield
Roccia principale
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Sintesi geologica

Fernandina, the most active of Galápagos volcanoes and the one closest to the Galápagos mantle plume, is a basaltic shield volcano with a deep 5 x 6.5 km summit caldera. The volcano displays the classic "overturned soup bowl" profile of Galápagos shield volcanoes. Its caldera is elongated in a NW-SE direction and formed during several episodes of collapse. Circumferential fissures surround the caldera and were instrumental in growth of the volcano. Reporting has been poor in this uninhabited western end of the archipelago, and even a 1981 eruption was not witnessed at the time. In 1968 the caldera floor dropped 350 m following a major explosive eruption. Subsequent eruptions, mostly from vents located on or near the caldera boundary faults, have produced lava flows inside the caldera as well as those in 1995 that reached the coast from a SW-flank vent. Collapse of a nearly 1 km3 section of the east caldera wall during an eruption in 1988 produced a debris-avalanche deposit that covered much of the caldera floor and absorbed the caldera lake.

Sintesi da Wikipedia

Riassunto in inglese

La Cumbre is a shield volcano on Fernandina Island in the Galápagos Islands. La Cumbre is also the youngest volcano in the Galápagos Islands.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Leggi l'articolo completo →

Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
950~1057 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 01057~1165 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 01487~1594 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 01809~1917 · 7 eruzioni · VEI max. 31917~2024 · 23 eruzioni · VEI max. 49501165148717021917

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 2024VEI 1Osservata
    2024-03-02 – 2024-05-08
    SE flank
  2. 2020VEI 0Osservata
    2020-01-12 – 2020-01-13
  3. 2018VEI 1Osservata
    2018-06-16 – 2018-06-21
    Radial fissure on NNE flank
  4. 2017VEI 2Osservata
    2017-09-04 – 2017-09-08
    SSW caldera rim and La Cumbre crater
  5. 2009VEI 2Osservata
    2009-04-10 – 2009-04-28
    SW flank (400 m)
  6. 2005VEI 2Osservata
    2005-05-13 – 2005-05-29
    South caldera rim
  7. 1995VEI 2Osservata
    1995-01-25 – 1995-04-08
    SW flank
  8. 1991VEI 2Osservata
    1991-04-19 – 1991-04-24
    Base of ESE and NW caldera wall
  9. 1988VEI 2Osservata
    1988-09-14 – 1988-09-16
    East caldera wall
  10. 1984VEI 1Osservata
    1984-03-30 – In corso
    NW corner of caldera
  11. 1981VEI 0Osservata
    1981-08-01 – In corso
    South caldera rim
  12. 1978VEI 2Osservata
    1978-08-08 – 1978-08-26
    NW caldera bench
  13. 1977VEI 1Osservata
    1977-03-23 – 1977-03-27
    SE caldera bench
  14. 1973VEI 2Osservata
    1973-12-09 – 1973-12-16
    ESE caldera wall
  15. 1972VEI 0Osservata
    1972-06-04 – In corso
    SE caldera bench
  16. 1968VEI 2Osservata
    1968-05-21 – 1968-05-23
    ESE flank (600 m)
  17. 1968VEI 4Osservata
    1968-06-11 – 1968-07-04
    West caldera wall
  18. 1961VEI 2Osservata
    1961-03-21 – 1961-09-16
    SE flank
  19. 1958VEI 2Osservata
    1958-09-16 – 1958-12-30
    SE, SW and west caldera rim
  20. 1937VEI 0Osservata
    1937-03 – 1937-04
  21. 1927VEI 0Osservata
    1927-12-13 – In corso
    South flank near Punta Mangle
  22. 1926VEI ?Osservata
    1926 – In corso
  23. 1917VEI 0Osservata
    1917-05-14 – In corso
    Cape Hammond (SW flank)
  24. 1888VEI 1Osservata
    1888-04-10 – In corso
  25. 1846VEI 0Osservata
    1846-11-06 – 1846-11-24
    East flank
  26. 1825VEI 3Osservata
    1825-02-14 – 1825-10
    East summit and SE flank
  27. 1819VEI 2Osservata
    1819-05-15 – 1819-05-18
  28. 1817VEI 2Stima geologica
    1817 – In corso
    Volcano Uncertain: Western Galápagos
  29. 1814VEI 2Osservata
    1814-07 – 1814-08
  30. 1813VEI 2Osservata
    1813-07-14 – In corso
    South flank
  31. 1550VEI 0Stima geologica
    1550 – In corso
  32. 1150VEI 0Stima geologica
    1150 – In corso
  33. 950 (±500 anni)VEI 0Stima geologica
    950 – In corso

Link esterni

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