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Askja

Stratovulcano · Iceland · 1080 m

Askja is a central volcano made up of the Dyngjufjöll massif and at least three calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide. This view from the SE looks across Öskjuvatn lake within the youngest caldera that formed in 1875 during Askja's largest historical eruption. It truncates a larger caldera, whose wall is seen in the distance above the lava-covered caldera floor. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagjá graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system.
Askja is a central volcano made up of the Dyngjufjöll massif and at least three calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide. This view from the SE looks across Öskjuvatn lake within the youngest caldera that formed in 1875 during Askja's largest historical eruption. It truncates a larger caldera, whose wall is seen in the distance above the lava-covered caldera floor. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagjá graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system. · Foto: Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Stratovulcano
Paese
Iceland
Regione
Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Altitudine
1080 m
Coordinate
65.033, -16.783
Ultima eruzione
1961
Contesto tettonico
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Forma vulcanica
Composite
Roccia principale
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Sintesi geologica

Askja is a large basaltic central volcano that forms the Dyngjufjöll massif. It is truncated by three overlapping calderas, the largest of which is 8 km wide and may have been produced primarily from subglacial ring-fracture eruptions rather than by subsidence. A major rhyolitic explosive eruption from Dyngjufjöll about 10,000 years ago was in part associated with the formation of Askja caldera. Many postglacial eruptions also occurred along the ring-fracture. A major explosive eruption on the SE caldera margin in 1875 was one of Iceland's largest during historical time. It resulted in the formation of a smaller 4.5-km-wide caldera, now filled by Öskjuvatn lake, that truncates the rim of the larger central caldera. The 100-km-long Askja fissure swarm, which includes the Sveinagja graben, is also related to the Askja volcanic system, as are several small shield volcanoes such as Kollatadyngja. Twentieth-century eruptions have produced lava flows from vents located mostly near Öskjuvatn lake.

Sintesi da Wikipedia

Riassunto breve — apri l'articolo completo per maggiori dettagli.

Askja è uno stratovulcano situato in Islanda a nord del ghiacciaio Vatnajökull.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Leggi l'articolo completo →

Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
8910 BCE~8548 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 52387 BCE~2025 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 01300 BCE~938 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 01236~1599 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 11599~1961 · 10 eruzioni · VEI max. 58910 BCE6373 BCE3474 BCE938 BCE1599

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 1961VEI 2Osservata
    1961-10-26 – 1961-12-05
    North of Öskjuvatn lake (Vikraborgir)
  2. 1938VEI 2Osservata
    1938-12-19 – In corso
    South shore of Öskjuvatn lake
  3. 1926VEI 2Osservata
    1926-07-15 – In corso
    South end of Öskjuvatn lake
  4. 1924VEI 0Osservata
    1924 – In corso
    South flank of Dyngjufjöll massif
  5. 1923VEI 0Osservata
    1923-01-15 – In corso
    SE corner of Öskjuvatn Caldera
  6. 1922VEI 0Osservata
    1922-11 – In corso
    1 km SW of Öskjuvatn Caldera
  7. 1921VEI 0Osservata
    1921-03 – In corso
    NE caldera wall, 0.6 km SE of Viti
  8. 1919VEI 2Osservata
    1919 – In corso
    Dyngjufjöll
  9. 1875VEI 5Osservata
    1875-01-01 – 1875-10-17
    Öskjuvatn Caldera, Viti, Sveinagja
  10. 1797VEI 0Osservata
    1797 – In corso
    Holuhraun
  11. 1300VEI 1Stima geologica
    1300 – In corso
    South of Dyngjufjöll Ytri
  12. 1250 a.C. (±300 anni)VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 1250 – In corso
    Litladynga and Askja
  13. 2050 a.C. (±500 anni)VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 2050 – In corso
    Flatadyngja, other areas NE of Dyngjufjöll
  14. 8910 a.C. (±200 anni)VEI 5Stima geologica
    BCE 8910 – In corso
    SE part of Askja caldera

Link esterni

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