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Hverfjall

Krafla

Caldera · Iceland · 800 m

The Krafla central volcano, located NE of Mývatn lake, is a topographically indistinct 9-km-wide caldera that is cut by a N-S-trending fissure system. This view from the south looks toward the center of the caldera with the rhyolitic lava dome of Hlidarfjall on the left and prominent fissures cutting across the caldera at the right.
The Krafla central volcano, located NE of Mývatn lake, is a topographically indistinct 9-km-wide caldera that is cut by a N-S-trending fissure system. This view from the south looks toward the center of the caldera with the rhyolitic lava dome of Hlidarfjall on the left and prominent fissures cutting across the caldera at the right. · Foto: Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey). · Wikimedia Commons
Tipo
Caldera
Paese
Iceland
Regione
Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions / Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province
Altitudine
800 m
Coordinate
65.715, -16.728
Ultima eruzione
1984
Contesto tettonico
Rift zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Forma vulcanica
Cluster
Roccia principale
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Sintesi geologica

The Krafla volcanic system in the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of Iceland is about 100 km long, consisting of a fissure swarm and a central volcano with a 7 x 9 km caldera formed about 110,000 years ago that deposited a rhyolitic welded tuff. It has been moderately active in the Holocene, over three distinct eruptive periods; the current one has lasted about 2,800 years with six volcano-tectonic episodes, each with one or more basaltic fissure eruptions. Lava volumes (DRE) have been in the 0.1-1 km3 range. The Hverfjall and Ludent tuff rings east of Myvatn were erupted along the fissure system. Myvatn lake formed during the eruption of the older Laxarhraun lava flow from the Ketildyngja shield volcano of the Fremrinamur volcanic system about 3,800 years before present (BP); The present Myvatn lake is constrained by the roughly 2,000 years BP younger Laxarhraun lava flow from the Krafla volcanic system. The abundant pseudocraters that form a prominent part of the Myvatn landscape were created when the younger Laxarhraun lava flow entered the lake. The last eruption took place in 1975-1984 CE when nine small basaltic fissure eruptions produced 0.25 km3 of lava.

Sintesi da Wikipedia

Hverfjall o Hverfell è un vulcano situato nella regione del Norðurland eystra, nella parte nord-orientale dell'Islanda.

Wikipedia · CC BY-SA · Leggi l'articolo completo →

Storia delle eruzioni

Riepilogo (VEI nel tempo)
Fai clic su una barra per vedere le singole eruzioni
8500 BCE~8151 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 07102 BCE~6753 BCE · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 26753 BCE~6403 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. ?3258 BCE~2909 BCE · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 0812 BCE~462 BCE · 2 eruzioni · VEI max. 4113 BCE~237 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 2237~586 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 0586~936 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 01285~1635 · 1 eruzioni · VEI max. 21635~1984 · 12 eruzioni · VEI max. 28500 BCE6054 BCE3258 BCE812 BCE1635

Cronologia dettagliata

  1. 1984VEI 0Osservata
    1984-09-04 – 1984-09-18
    Leirhnjúkur to 8.5 km north
  2. 1981VEI 0Osservata
    1981-01-30 – 1981-02-04
    6-8 km N of Leirhnjúkur
  3. 1981VEI 0Osservata
    1981-11-18 – 1981-11-23
    Leirhnjúkur to 9 km north
  4. 1980VEI 0Osservata
    1980-03-16 – 1980-10-23
    Leirhnjúkur to 11 km north
  5. 1977VEI 1Osservata
    1977-04-27 – 1977-09-08
    3 km north of Leirhnjúkur
  6. 1975VEI 0Osservata
    1975-12-20 – 1975-12-20
    1.5-2.5 km north of Leirhnjúkur
  7. 1746VEI 1Osservata
    1746-07-10 – 1746-07-10
    Leirhnjúkur crater row
  8. 1729VEI 2Osservata
    1729-06-30 – 1729-09-25
    Leirhnjúkur crater row
  9. 1728VEI 2Osservata
    1728-04-18 – In corso
    Leirhnjúkur, Hrossadalur, Bjarnarflag
  10. 1728VEI 2Osservata
    1728-12-18 – In corso
    Leirhnjúkur crater row
  11. 1727VEI 2Osservata
    1727-08-21 – In corso
    North end of Leirhnjúkur
  12. 1724VEI 2Osservata
    1724-05-17 – 1724-05-18
    Víti (1.5 km east of Leirhnjúkur)
  13. 1300 (±200 anni)VEI 2Stima geologica
    1300 – In corso
    Crater south of Víti
  14. 850VEI 0Stima geologica
    850 – In corso
    Daleldar, Svortuborgir
  15. 250 (±300 anni)VEI 0Stima geologica
    250 – In corso
    Kerlingarholar
  16. 50 a.C.VEI 2Stima geologica
    BCE 50 – In corso
    Holseldar
  17. 500 a.C. (±300 anni)VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 500 – In corso
    North of Hverfjall
  18. 650 a.C.VEI 4Stima geologica
    BCE 650 – In corso
    Hverfjall, Jarbadsholar
  19. 3050 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 3050 – In corso
    Hvannstód
  20. 6500 a.C.VEI ?Stima geologica
    BCE 6500 – In corso
    Kröfluhalshraun
  21. 6800 a.C.VEI 2Stima geologica
    BCE 6800 – In corso
    Hveragil
  22. 6850 a.C.VEI 2Stima geologica
    BCE 6850 – In corso
    Bondholshraun, Hveragil
  23. 8500 a.C.VEI 0Stima geologica
    BCE 8500 – In corso
    Gjastykkisbunga

Link esterni

⚠ Solo a scopo informativo. Non adatto a situazioni di emergenza.