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Menengai

楯状火山 · Kenya · 2278m

Farmlands occupy the flanks of Menengai shield volcano on the floor of the East African Rift. A major explosive eruption about 8,000 years ago resulted in formation of the 12 x 8 km wide caldera seen in this Landsat image. More than 70 post-caldera lava flows cover the caldera floor, the youngest of which may be only a few hundred years old. Most lava flows erupted from vents near the center of the caldera and ponded against the caldera walls. The city of Nakuru lies at the bottom of the image, south of the caldera.
Farmlands occupy the flanks of Menengai shield volcano on the floor of the East African Rift. A major explosive eruption about 8,000 years ago resulted in formation of the 12 x 8 km wide caldera seen in this Landsat image. More than 70 post-caldera lava flows cover the caldera floor, the youngest of which may be only a few hundred years old. Most lava flows erupted from vents near the center of the caldera and ponded against the caldera walls. The city of Nakuru lies at the bottom of the image, south of the caldera. · 写真: NASA Landsat image, 1999 (courtesy of Hawaii Synergy Project, Univ. of Hawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology). · Wikimedia Commons
タイプ
楯状火山
国
Kenya
地域
Eastern Africa Volcanic Regions / Kenyan Rift Volcanic Province
標高
2278m
座標
-0.200, 36.070
最終噴火
-6050年
テクトニクス環境
Rift zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
火山地形
Shield
主要岩石
Trachyte / Trachydacite
地質学的概要

The massive Menengai shield volcano occupies the floor of the East African Rift. Construction of a 30 km3 shield volcano beginning about 200,000 years ago was followed by the eruption of two voluminous ash-flow tuffs, each preceded by major pumice falls. The first took place about 29,000 years ago and produced a large caldera. The second, producing about 30 km3 of compositionally zoned peralkaline trachytic magma about 8000 years ago, was associated with formation of the present-day 8 x 12 km summit caldera. More than 70 post-caldera lava flows cover the caldera floor, the youngest of which may be only a few hundred years old. No historical eruptions are known. Fumarolic activity is restricted to the caldera.

Wikipedia の要約

英語版の要約

Menengai Crater is a massive shield volcano with one of the biggest calderas in the world, in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya. It is the largest volcano caldera in Kenya and the second largest volcano caldera in Africa. Volcanic formed rich loam soils enrich the adjacent farmland around its flanks. The crater is on the floor of the Rift Valley. The volcano formed about 200,000 years ago and the prominent 12 x 8 km caldera formed about 8000 years ago. The caldera floor is covered with numerous post caldera lava flows. The Menengai volcano is considered one of the best-preserved Krakatau-style calderas in the world. Menengai has very little sediment in the caldera which is a thick mass of lava boulders and inaccessible ridges. Volcanic activity continues and a current project under the GDC is at an advanced stage towards geothermal power generation.

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噴火履歴

概要 (VEI時系列)
バーをクリックすると個別の噴火が表示されます
7350 BCE~7220 BCE · 1件 · 最大 VEI ?6180 BCE~6050 BCE · 1件 · 最大 VEI 67350 BCE7090 BCE6700 BCE6440 BCE6180 BCE

詳細タイムライン

  1. 紀元前 6050年VEI 6地質学的推定
    BCE 6050 ~ 進行中
  2. 紀元前 7350年 (±500年)VEI ?地質学的推定
    BCE 7350 ~ 進行中

外部リンク

⚠ 参考情報です。緊急対応には使用しないでください。