Ōkataina Caldera
Okataina
溶岩ドーム · New Zealand · 1111m
- タイプ
- 溶岩ドーム
- 国
- New Zealand
- 地域
- Tonga-Kermadec Volcanic Regions / Taupo Volcanic Arc
- 標高
- 1111m
- 座標
- -38.157, 176.507
- 最終噴火
- 1981年
- テクトニクス環境
- Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
- 火山地形
- Cluster
- 主要岩石
- Rhyolite
地質学的概要
The massive, dominantly rhyolitic Okataina Volcanic Centre (OVC) is surrounded by extensive ignimbrite and pyroclastic sheets produced during multiple caldera-forming eruptions. Numerous lava domes and craters erupted from two subparallel NE-SW-trending vent lineations form the Haroharo and Tarawera volcanic complexes. Lava domes of the Haroharo complex, at the northern end of the OVC, occupy part of the 16 x 26 km Pleistocene Haroharo caldera, which formed incrementally between 300,000 and 50,000 years before present (BP). The oldest exposed rocks on the caldera floor are about 22,000 years old. The Tarawera complex at the southern end of OVC consists of 11 rhyolitic lava domes and associated lava flows. The oldest domes were formed as late as about 15,000 years BP, and the youngest were formed in the Kaharoa eruption about 800 years BP. The NE-SW Tarawera vent lineation extends from the two dacitic cones of Maungaongaonga and Mangakakaramea on the SW to Mount Edgecumbe on the NE. Construction of the Haroharo and Tarawera complexes impounded lakes Rotoiti, Totoehu, Okataina, and Tarawera against the outer margins of the Okataina ring structure. A major hydrothermal area is located at Waimangu; the world-renowned Pink and White Terrace siliceous sinter deposits were destroyed during the major basaltic explosive eruption of 1886.
Wikipedia の要約
英語版の要約Ōkataina Caldera is a volcanic caldera and its associated volcanoes located in Taupō Volcanic Zone of New Zealand's North Island. It has several actual or postulated sub calderas. The Ōkataina Caldera is just east of the smaller separate Rotorua Caldera and southwest of the much smaller Rotomā Embayment, which is usually regarded as an associated volcano. It shows high rates of explosive rhyolitic volcanism, although its last eruption was basaltic. The postulated Haroharo Caldera contained within it has sometimes been described in almost interchangeable terms with the Ōkataina Caldera or volcanic complex or centre and by other authors as a separate complex defined by gravitational and magnetic features. Since 2010 other terms such as the Haroharo vent alignment, Utu Caldera, Matahina Caldera, Rotoiti Caldera and a postulated Kawerau Caldera are often used, rather than a Haroharo Caldera classification.
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噴火履歴
詳細タイムライン
- 1981年VEI 1観測記録1981-05-16 ~ 1981-05-16Waimangu (Raupo Pond crater)
- 1978年VEI 1観測記録1978-02-23 ~ 1978-02-23Waimangu (Raupo Pond, Inferno Crater)
- 1973年VEI 1観測記録1973-02-22 ~ 1973-02-22Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1951年VEI 1観測記録1951-06-16 ~ 進行中Rotomahana
- 1926年VEI 1観測記録1926-11-17 ~ 1926-11-18Rotomahana
- 1924年VEI 1観測記録1924 ~ 進行中Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1918年VEI 1観測記録1918 ~ 1920Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1917年VEI 1観測記録1917-03-24 ~ 1917-04-04Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1915年VEI 1観測記録1915-02-04 ~ 1915-04-13Waimangu (Echo Crater & NW of Fairy Crater)
- 1915年VEI 1観測記録1915-11-05 ~ 1915-11-09Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1914年VEI 1観測記録1914-01-28 ~ 1914-02Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
- 1913年VEI 1観測記録1913-01-27 ~ 1913-01-27Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1912年VEI 1観測記録1912-04 ~ 進行中Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1910年VEI 1観測記録1910-07-24 ~ 1910-07-25Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1908年VEI 1観測記録1908-10-01 ~ 1908-10-01Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1906年VEI 1観測記録1906-02-21 ~ 1906-02-21Waimangu (NW of Fairy Crater)
- 1905年VEI 1観測記録1905-02-18 ~ 1905-02-23Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1905年VEI 1観測記録1905-06-17 ~ 1905-06-17Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1900年VEI 1観測記録1900-01 ~ 1904-11-01Waimangu Geyser
- 1896年VEI 1観測記録1896 ~ 進行中Waimangu (Echo Crater)
- 1886年VEI 5観測記録1886-06-10 ~ 1886-08Tarawera (Wahanga-Waimangu fissure)
- 1310年 (±12年)VEI 5地質学的推定1310 ~ 1315Tarawera (Kaharoa eruption)
- 180年VEI ?地質学的推定180 ~ 進行中Te Kopia thermal area
- 紀元前 300年VEI 0地質学的推定BCE 300 ~ 進行中Mt. Edgecumbe
- 紀元前 1330年 (±75年)VEI ?地質学的推定BCE 1330 ~ 進行中Mt. Edgecumbe
- 紀元前 1750年VEI 4地質学的推定BCE 1750 ~ 進行中Haroharo (Rotokawau to Rotoatua)
- 紀元前 3580年 (±50年)VEI 5地質学的推定BCE 3580 ~ 進行中Haroharo (Makatiti and other domes)
- 紀元前 5550年VEI 0地質学的推定BCE 5550 ~ 進行中Mt. Edgecumbe
- 紀元前 6060年 (±50年)VEI 5地質学的推定BCE 6060 ~ 進行中Haroharo (Te Horoa & other domes)
- 紀元前 7560年 (±18年)VEI 5地質学的推定BCE 7560 ~ 進行中Rotoma caldera, Tuahu, Kawerau
- 紀元前 8050年VEI ?地質学的推定BCE 8050 ~ 進行中West Rerewhakaaitu fissures
外部リンク
⚠ 参考情報です。緊急対応には使用しないでください。